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Table 2 Classification of muscle injuries in sports (according to [1])

From: Is radial extracorporeal shock wave therapy combined with a specific rehabilitation program (rESWT + RP) more effective than sham-rESWT + RP for acute hamstring muscle complex injury type 3b in athletes? Study protocol for a prospective, randomized, double-blind, sham-controlled single centre trial

A: indirect muscle injuries

 Type 1 and 2: functional muscle disorder

  Type 1: overexertion-related muscle disorder

   Type 1a: fatigue-induced muscle disorders

   Type 1b: delayed-onset muscle soreness

  Type 2: neuromuscular muscle disorder

   Type 2a: spine-related neuromuscular disorders

   Type 2b: muscle-related neuromuscular disorders

 Type 3 and 4: structural muscle injury

  Type 3: partial muscle tears

   Type 3a: minor partial muscle tear (Y 5 mm; intrafascicle/bundletear)

   Type 3b: moderate partial muscle tear (> 5 mm; interfascicle/bundle-tear

  Type 4: subtotal/complete muscle tear or tendinous avulsion

B: direct muscle injuries

 Contusion

 Laceration