Table 4 The intervention characteristics of case series studies
| Year/author | Indications/contraindication | Kinds of pedicle bone flap | Size of bone flap (cm) | Duration of the operation (minutes) | Postoperative management | Additional note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 2016/Chen [24] | NA | Sartorius muscle-pedicle bone flap | 4 × 2 × 2.5 | 65 (45–90) | Partial weight-bearing walking at 8 to 12 weeks, and further advice was subject to radiographic evidence after 3 to 6 months of operation | Bone flap was fixed by absorbable screw |
| 2014/Elmali [25] | NA | Deep circumflex iliac artery pedicle bone flap | 6 × 2 × 2 | 210 (168–258) | The hip was positioned in 20° flexion for 3 weeks, full weight-bearing walking at 6 months | – |
| 2009/Babhulkar [28] | NA | Deep circumflex iliac artery pedicle bone flap | NA | NA | The limb was kept in 20° abduction and 30° flexion and 10° of internal rotation, and allowed free movements in bed after 15 days, non-weight-bearing after 4–6 weeks, partial weight-bearing after 10 weeks and full weight-bearing after 14–16 weeks | – |
| 2009/Chen [26] | NA | Deep circumflex iliac artery pedicle bone flap | 5 × 1.5 | NA | Toe-touch weight-bearing for 6 weeks, then partial weight-bearing for 6 months and full weight-bearing was allowed after 6 months | – |
| 2009/Baksi [27] | Pain and discomfort around the hip, limitation of movement | Tensor fascia lata muscle-pedicle bone flap | 2.5 × 2.5 | NA | Partial weight-bearing was allowed after 5 weeks, and full weight-bearing was allowed after 4–5 months | Bone flap was fixed by Vicryl thread |
| 2006/Zhao [29] | NA | Ascending branch of the lateral femoral circumflex artery pedicle bone flap | 5 × 3 | 90 (55–120) | Bed rest with traction was used for 45 days postoperatively, progressive weight-bearing was permitted after the graft incorporated with the host area. Full weight-bearing was achieved by 6 months | – |
| 2004/Nagoya [30] | NA | Deep circumflex iliac artery pedicle bone flap | NA | NA | Bed rest was prescribed for 2 weeks. Weight-bearing exercise started 4 weeks after surgery, followed by partial weight-bearing for the next 6 months | Bone flap was fixed by AO screw |
| 2001/Eisenschenk [31] | NA | Deep circumflex iliac artery pedicle bone flap | 6 × 2 | NA | The hip was positioned in 20° after operation, weight-bearing was not allowed for 6 months after operation | – |
| 1997/Hasegawa [33] |
Indications: Collapse < 2 mm JIC IC, II type | Superficial circumflex iliac artery pedicle bone flap (deep circumflex iliac artery was used in 8 hips) | 5 × 1.5 | NA | Ambulation was not permitted for 3 weeks, partial weight-bearing was encouraged after 12 weeks, full weight-bearing was permitted after 24 weeks. | Hyperbaric oxygen therapy was conducted on 11 patients |
| 1997/Ishizaka [32] | NA | Deep circumflex iliac artery pedicle bone flap | 5 × 2 × 2 | 150 | Patients were kept non-weight-bearing for 6 months, followed by partial weight-bearing with for the next 6 months. | – |
| 1996/Leung [35] | NA | Deep circumflex iliac artery pedicle bone flap | NA | NA | The hip was kept in 30″ flexion and neutral rotation for 1 week. Hip motion was encouraged. Bed rest was continued for 3 to 4 weeks. Non-weight-bearing walking was allowed• after 4 weeks, and weight-bearing was delayed until 8 weeks | – |
| 1996/Wassenaar [34] | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA | – |
| 1993/Iwata [36] |
Indications: JIC I/II stage Contraindication: collapse > 5 mm | Superficial circumflex iliac artery pedicle bone flap (deep circumflex iliac artery was additionally used in 2 cases) | NA | NA | Active exercise in the second week, exercise in the pool in the fourth week, one-third weight-bearing in the 12th week, and full weight-bearing in the 24th week | Hyperbaric oxygen therapy was conducted on 13 patients |
