Table 4 Radiological and clinical results comparing preoperative and postoperative outcomes in OWHTO or CWHTO group
Categories and comparison | Studies | Mean difference | p value | Heterogeneity | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Mean | (95% CI) | I2 (%) | p value | |||
Preoperative VS postoperative results in CWHTO | ||||||
Radiological outcomes RCT | ||||||
 HKA | 10, 24,26,27,30 | − 3.17 | (− 3.74 to − 2.60) | 0.001 | 79 | 0.001 |
 MAD | 26 | − 2.31 | (− 2.92 to − 1.70) | 0.001 | NA | NA |
 MMPTA | 26 | − 2.90 | (− 3.58 to − 2.23) | 0.001 | NA | NA |
 PTSA (AX) | 24,26 | 0.72 | (0.35 to 1.08) | 0.001 | 4.8 | 0.31 |
 CDI | 27,30 | − 0.11 | (− 0.50 to 0.29) | 0.59 | 0 | 0.59 |
 ISI | 26,31 | − 0.10 | (− 0.46 to 0.26) | 0.58 | 0 | 0.84 |
 BPI | 31 | − 0.18 | (− 0.75 to 0.39) | 0.53 | NA | NA |
Radiological outcomes nRCT | ||||||
 HKA | 17,21,33,36,39,41 | − 2.75 | (− 3.77 to − 1.73) | 0.001 | 95 | 0.001 |
 MAD | 23 | − 6.20 | (− 7.46 to -4.95) | 0.001 | NA | NA |
 MMPTA | 23 | − 1.54 | (− 2.13 to − 0.95) | 0.001 | NA | NA |
 PTSA (AX) | 16,21,23 | 0.35 | (0.13 to 0.58) | 0.015 | 28.8 | 0.24 |
 PTSA (PC) | 12,18,22,38 | 0.56 | (0.20 to 0.92) | 0.003 | 68.8 | 0.003 |
 CDI | 15,38,42 | − 0.13 | (− 0.33 to 0.07) | 0.19 | 48.9 | 0.19 |
 ISI | 22,38 | − 0.03 | (− 0.33 to 0.28) | 0.69 | 0 | 0.87 |
 BPI | 22,36,38 | 0.06 | (− 0.22 to 0.34) | 0.69 | 74.4 | 0.05 |
 AFTA | 22,33,40 | − 3.19 | (− 3.54 to − 2.69) | 0.001 | 0 | 0.73 |
Clinical outcomes RCT | ||||||
 VAS | 10,13,24,27,30,31 | 1.66 | (1.05 to 2.27) | 0.001 | 84.7 | 0.001 |
 ROM | 24 | − 0.11 | (− 0.61 to 0.40) | 0.68 | NA | NA |
 HSS | 2,10,11 | − 1.06 | (− 1.34 to − 0.79) | 0.001 | 84 | 0.002 |
 KSS | 24 | − 1.61 | (− 2.19 to − 1.02) | 0.001 | NA | NA |
 WOMAC | 27,30 | 1.65 | (1.19 to 2.11) | 0.001 | 54 | 0.14 |
Clinical outcomes nRCT | ||||||
 Lysholm | 13 | − 1.40 | (− 2.16 to − 0.69) | 0.001 | NA | NA |
 ROM | 21 | − 0.15 | (− 0.54 to 0.24) | 0.45 | NA | NA |
 HSS | 21,23 | − 0.09 | (− 0.38 to 0.20) | 0.55 | 0 | 0.45 |
 KSS | 23,36 | − 1.68 | (− 2.72 to − 0.63) | 0.002 | 90.6 | 0.52 |
Preoperative VS postoperative results in OWHTO | ||||||
Radiological outcomes RCT | ||||||
 HKA | 10, 24,26,27,30 | − 2.78 | (− 3.12 to − 2.45) | 0.001 | 91.4 | 0.001 |
 MAD | 26 | − 1.95 | (− 2.52 to − 1.38) | 0.001 | NA | NA |
 MMPTA | 26 | − 2.76 | (− 3.42 to − 2.10) | 0.001 | NA | NA |
 PTSA (AX) | 24,26 | − 0.59 | (− 0.94 to − 0.23) | 0.001 | 0 | 0.68 |
 CDI | 27,30 | 0.65 | (0.25 to 1.06) | 0.002 | 0 | 0.45 |
 ISI | 26,31 | 0.28 | (0.08 to 0.64) | 0.04 | 0 | 0.34 |
 BPI | 31 | 0.58 | (0.03 to 1.14) | 0.04 | NA | NA |
Radiological outcomes nRCT | ||||||
 HKA | 17,21,33,36,39,41 | − 2.84 | (− 3.14 to − 2.55) | 0.001 | 93.3 | 0.001 |
 MAD | 23 | − 7.03 | (− 7.83 to − 6.24) | 0.001 | NA | NA |
 MMPTA | 23 | − 1.98 | (− 2.35 to − 1.62) | 0.001 | NA | NA |
 PTSA (AX) | 16,21,23 | − 0.71 | (− 1.04 to − 0.37) | 0.001 | 69.5 | 0.02 |
 PTSA (PC) | 12,18,22,38 | − 0.24 | (− 0.39 to − 0.09) | 0.002 | 42.7 | 0.17 |
 CDI | 15,38,42 | 0.56 | (0.40 to 0.72) | 0.001 | 39.9 | 0.001 |
 ISI | 22,38 | 0.18 | (− 0.14 to 0.50) | 0.26 | 25.8 | 0.25 |
 BPI | 21,36,38 | 0.92 | (0.63 to 1.21) | 0.001 | 29.6 | 0.23 |
 AFTA | 22,33,40 | − 3.04 | (− 3.41 to − 2.67) | 0.001 | 39 | 0.19 |
Clinical outcomes RCT | ||||||
 VAS | 10,13,24,27,30,31 | 1.65 | (1.03 to 2.26) | 0.001 | 84.6 | 0.001 |
 ROM | 24 | − 0.35 | (− 0.86 to 0.17) | 0.18 | NA | NA |
 HSS | 10,24,31 | − 1.52 | (− 2.16 to − 0.88) | 0.009 | 89.6 | 0.001 |
 KSS | 24 | − 2.14 | (− 2.78 to − 1.50) | 0.001 | NA | NA |
 WOMAC | 27,30 | 1.22 | (0.69 to 1.55) | 0.001 | 80.5 | 0.02 |
Clinical outcomes nRCT | ||||||
 Lysholm | 13 | − 1.53 | (− 2.19 to − 0.87) | 0.001 | NA | NA |
 ROM | 43 | − 0.16 | (− 0.51 to 0.28) | 0.57 | NA | NA |
 HSS | 21,23 | − 1.72 | (− 2.38 to − 1.06) | 0.001 | 80 | 0.001 |
 KSS | 23,31 | − 1.52 | (− 2.52 to − 0.52) | 0.003 | 85.1 | 0.01 |