Table 3 Radiological and clinical results of the preoperative comparison and postoperative comparison between OWHTO and CWHTO
Categories and comparison | Studies | Mean difference | P value | Heterogeneity | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Mean | (95% CI) | I2 (%) | p value | |||
CWHTO VS OWHTO in preoperative outcomes | ||||||
Radiological outcomes RCT | ||||||
 HKA | 10, 24,26,27,30 | 0.11 | (− 0.11 to 0.33) | 0.33 | 0 | 0.792 |
 MAD | 26 | 0 | (− 0.47 to 0.47) | 0.90 | NA | NA |
 MMPTA | 26 | 0 | (− 0.46 to 0.46) | 0.95 | NA | NA |
 PTSA (AX) | 24,26 | − 0.14 | (− 0.48 to 0.21) | 0.38 | 0 | 0.39 |
 CDI | 27,30 | 0.01 | (− 0.39 to 0.37) | 0.18 | 21 | 0.43 |
 ISI | 26,31 | 0.02 | (− 0.33 to 0.38) | 0.89 | 49 | 0.04 |
 BPI | 31 | 0.49 | (0.05 to 1.06) | 0.03 | NA | NA |
Radiological outcomes nRCT | ||||||
 HKA | 17,21,33,36,39,41 | − 0.08 | (− 0.28 to 0.12) | 0.44 | 0 | 0.85 |
 MAD | 23 | 0.34 | (− 0.08 to 0.74) | 0.12 | NA | NA |
 MMPTA | 23 | 0.06 | (− 0.36 to 0.48) | 0.79 | NA | NA |
 PTSA (AX) | 16,21,23 | − 0.19 | (− 0.42 to 0.03) | 0.09 | 34.4 | 0.23 |
 PTSA (PC) | 12,18,22,38 | − 0.16 | (− 0.35 to 0.02) | 0.08 | 39.4 | 0.18 |
 CDI | 15,38,42 | − 0.01 | (− 0.21 to 0.20) | 0.95 | 94 | 0.001 |
 ISI | 22,38 | − 0.20 | (− 0.53 to 0.13) | 0.23 | 0 | 0.43 |
 BPI | 21,36,38 | − 0.22 | (− 0.50 to 0.06) | 0.13 | 0 | 0.37 |
 AFTA | 22,33,40 | 0.04 | (− 0.66 to 0.74) | 0.09 | 76.6 | 0.014 |
Clinical outcomes RCT | ||||||
 ROM | 24 | 0.08 | (− 0.42 to 0.59) | 0.75 | NA | NA |
 HSS | 2,10,11 | − 0.04 | (− 0.294 to 0.22) | 0.78 | 0 | 0.92 |
 KSS | 24 | 0.15 | (− 0.35 to 0.66) | 0.55 | NA | NA |
 WOMAC | 27,30 | − 0.32 | (− 0.72 to 0.07) | 0.12 | 0 | 0.99 |
 VAS | 10,13,24,27,30,31 | − 0.11 | (− 0.32 to 0.10) | 0.23 | 4.2 | 0.39 |
Clinical outcomes nRCT | ||||||
 ROM | 21 | 0.28 | (− 0.62 to 0.03) | 0.08 | NA | NA |
 HSS | 21,23 | − 0.10 | (− 0.39 to 0.19) | 0.39 | 0 | 0.49 |
 KSS | 23,36 | − 0.05 | (− 0.35 to 0.26) | 0.76 | 0 | 0.47 |
 Lysholm score | 13 | − 0.34 | (− 0.95 to 0.27) | 0.28 | NA | NA |
CWHTO VS OWHTO in postoperative outcomes | ||||||
Radiological outcomes RCT | ||||||
 HKA | 10, 24,26,27,30 | 0.21 | (− 0.01 to 0.44) | 0.06 | 0 | 0.83 |
 HKA CORRECTION | 24,26,27 | 0.16 | (− 0.13 to 0.46) | 0.28 | 0 | 0.65 |
 MAD | 26 | 0.45 | (− 0.03 to 0.92) | 0.065 | NA | NA |
 MMPTA | 26 | − 2.76 | (− 3.42 to − 2.10) | 0.001 | NA | NA |
 PTSA (AX) | 24,26 | − 1.32 | (− 1.71 to − 0.94) | 0.001 | 0 | 0.495 |
 CDI | 27,30 | 0.82 | (0.18 to 1.46) | 0.012 | 59 | 0.547 |
 ISI | 26,31 | 0.46 | (0.09 to 0.82) | 0.014 | 0 | 0.55 |
 BPI | 31 | 0.49 | (0.05 to 1.06) | 0.03 | NA | NA |
Radiological outcomes nRCT | ||||||
 HKA | 17,21,33,36,39,41 | − 0.04 | (− 0.24 to 0.15) | 0.67 | 0 | 0.71 |
 HKA CORRECTION | 17 | 0.12 | (− 0.39 to 0.63) | 0.64 | NA | NA |
 MAD | 23 | 0.32 | (− 0.11 to 0.74) | 0.14 | NA | NA |
 MMPTA | 23 | − 1.98 | (− 2.34 to − 1.62) | 0.001 | NA | NA |
 PTSA (AX) | 16,21,23 | − 1.19 | (− 1.40 to − 0.99) | 0.001 | 83.9 | 0.001 |
 PTSA (PC) | 12,18,22,38 | − 0.85 | (− 1.04 to − 0.67) | 0.001 | 92 | 0.001 |
 CDI | 15,38,42 | 0.79 | (0.55 to 1.03) | 0.001 | 30 | 0.24 |
 ISI | 22,38 | 0.06 | (− 0.27 to 038) | 0.74 | 0 | 0.99 |
 BPI | 21,36,38 | 0.33 | (0.04 to 0.70) | 0.05 | 58.1 | 0.09 |
 AFTA | 22,33,40 | 0.08 | (− 0.23 to 0.39) | 0.46 | 12.2 | 0.32 |
Clinical outcomes RCT | ||||||
 VAS | 10,13,24,27,30,31 | − 0.11 | (− 0.31 to 0.10) | 0.30 | 33.8 | 0.18 |
 ROM | 24 | − 0.19 | (− 0.70 to 0.32) | 0.46 | NA | NA |
 HSS | 10,24,31 | 0.12 | (− 0.21 to 0.45) | 0.49 | 38.4 | 0.20 |
 KSS | 24 | 0.41 | (− 0.01 to 0.93) | 0.11 | NA | NA |
 WOMAC | 27,30 | − 0.42 | (− 0.12 to 0.18) | 0.09 | 13 | 0.346 |
Clinical outcomes nRCT | ||||||
 Leg length change | 16,37 | − 1.33 | (− 1.68 to − 0.97) | 0.001 | 84.6 | 0.01 |
 ROM | 43 | − 0.36 | (− 0.66 to 0.03) | 0.06 | NA | NA |
 HSS | 21,23 | − 0.09 | (− 0.38 to 0.20) | 0.55 | 0 | 0.45 |
 KSS | 23,31 | 0.09 | (− 0.22 to 0.39) | 0.58 | 0 | 0.52 |
 Lysholm score | 13 | − 0.38 | (− 0.99 to 0.24) | 0.23 | NA | NA |