Table 1 The main information of the included RCT and prospective studies
Author | Year | Country | Study design | Surgery | Person | M | F | Knee | Age mean ± SD (range) | Fixation type | BMI | Time range | Follow-up (year) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Polat | 2017 | Turkey | R | C | 29 | NA | NA | 29 | 45.5 ± 5.1 | Puddu plate | NA | 1990–2010 | 13.9 ± 6.2 |
|  |  |  |  | O | 88 | NA | NA | 88 | 44.6 ± 7.4 | Staples | NA | 1990–2010 | 11.7 ± 5.4 |
Kim | 2016 | Korea | RCT | C | 30 | 10 | 20 | 30 | 54.1 ± 4 | Stepped plate | 25.7 ± 3.4 | 03.2013–05.2015 | 1 |
|  |  |  |  | O | 30 | 9 | 21 | 30 | 54.3 ± 3.8 | TomoFix plate | 24.4 ± 3.2 | 03.2013–05.2016 | 1 |
Nerhus | 2015 | Norway | RCT | C | 35 | NA | NA | 35 | 30–60 | Two staples | NA | 2007–2013 | 0.5 |
|  |  |  |  | O | 35 | NA | NA | 35 | 30–60 | Puddu plate | NA | 2007–2014 | 0.5 |
Duivenvoorden | 2015 | Netherlands | R | C | 354 | 203 | 151 | 354 | 49.4 ± 9 | TomoFix plate/Puddu plate | 29.5 ± 5.8 | 1993–2012 | 10.6 ± 5.1 |
|  |  |  |  | O | 112 | 72 | 39 | 112 | 48.7 ±10.1 | TomoFix plate/Puddu plate | 28.5 ± 4.5 | 1993–2012 | 7.4 ± 3.2 |
Portner | 2014 | Canada | R | C | 18 | 15 | 3 | 18 | 46.5 ± 5.17 (36–54) | Two staples | NA | 2006–2012 | 05 |
|  |  |  |  | O | 26 | 20 | 6 | 26 | 43.9 ± 8.48 (21–59) | Plate and screws | NA | 2007–2010 | 0.5 |
Hanada | 2014 | Japan | R | C | 20 | 6 | 14 | 16 | 63.2 (30–78) | NA | NA | 09.2005–01.2007 | 1 |
|  |  |  |  | O | 10 | 63.2 (30–78) | NA | NA | 2007–2009 | 1 | |||
Egmond | 2014 | Netherlands | RCT | C | 25 | 16 | 9 | 25 | 50.3 ± 7.4 | Four-hole angle stable plate | 28.4 ± 3.0 | 2002–2013 | 7.9 |
|  |  |  |  | O | 25 | 15 | 10 | 25 | 47.1 ± 8.5 | Phosphate plate | 29.7 ± 4.2 | 2002–2013 | 7.9 |
Duivenvoorden-2 | 2014 | Netherlands | RCT | C | 45 | 27 | 18 | 45 | 49.5 ± 9.2 | Staples | 28.2 ± 4.9 | 01.2001–04.2004 | 6 |
|  |  |  |  | O | 36 | 24 | 12 | 36 | 49.9 ± 7.9 | Puddu plates | 27.3 ± 5.4 | 01.2001–04.2005 | 6 |
Deie | 2014 | Japan | R | C | 12 | 3 | 9 | 12 | 57.8 ± 6.0 | Plate fixation | 24.8 ± 3.3 | 2011–2012 | 1 |
|  |  |  |  | O | 9 | 3 | 6 | 9 | 57.5 ± 6.0 | Plate fixation | 28.2 ± 4.0 | 2011–2012 | 1 |
Tabrizi | 2013 | Iran | R | C | 16 | 12 | 4 | 21 | 35.1 ± 9.7 | LorT-plate | NA | NA | 0.5 |
|  |  |  |  | O | 16 | 13 | 3 | 21 | 36.5 ± 8.1 | One plate | NA | NA | 0.5 |
Soleimanpour | 2013 | Iran | R | C | 16 | 12 | 4 | 21 | 35.1 ± 9.7 | LorT-plate | NA | NA | 0.5 |
|  |  |  |  | O | 16 | 13 | 3 | 21 | 36.5 ± 8.1 | Plate | NA | NA | 0.5 |
Bae | 2013 | Korea | P | C | 74 | 4 | 70 | 78 | 58.75 ± 7.5 | Mini-plate-staple | 25 ± 2.5 | 04.2005–01.2007 | 3.4 |
|  |  |  |  | O | 28 | 2 | 25 | 30 | 56.3 ± 7.5 | Puddu plate | 25.1 ± 2.7 | 04.2005–01.2007 | 3.4 |
Filho | 2013 | Germany | P | C | 117 | 60 | 57 | 117 | 54.5 ± 9.7 | NA | 27.8 ± 5.1 | NA | 13.2 ± 6.2 |
|  |  |  |  | O | 24 | 16 | 8 | 24 | 57.3 ± 7.0 | NA | 29.4 ± 5.2 | NA | 7.4 ± 4.7 |
Amzallag | 2013 | Germany | P | C | 97 | 205 | 116 | 97 | 49.7 ± 10.30 | NA | 27 ± 4.4 | 01.2008–03.2009 | 0.5 |
|  |  |  |  | O | 224 | 224 | 53.6 ± 8.6 | NA | 28 ± 5 | 01.2008–03.2009 | 0.5 | ||
Song | 2012 | Korea | R | C | 50 | 12 | 38 | 50 | 60.1 (46–65) | Two staples | NA | 01.1996–03.2006 | 3.6 |
|  |  |  |  | O | 50 | 10 | 40 | 50 | 57.9 (49–65) | Plates | NA | 01.1996–03.2006 | 3.4 |
Ducat | 2012 | France | P | C | 97 | 205 | 116 | 92 | 52 ± 9 | NA | 27.0 ± 4.4 | 01.2008–03.2009 | 0.5 |
|  |  |  |  | O | 224 | 210 | 49.7 ± 10.3 | NA | 28.6 ± 5.5 | 01.2008–03.2009 | 0.5 | ||
Magnussen | 2011 | France | R | C | 30 | 21 | 9 | 30 | 59 (45–72) | Blade and screws | NA | 01.2006–12.2009 | 1 |
|  |  |  |  | O | 32 | 22 | 10 | 32 | 54 (42–65) | TomoFix plate | NA | 01.2006–12.2009 | 1 |
Hankemeier | 2010 | Germany | P | C | 26 | 42 | 19 | 26 | 53 (27–74) | Screw-plate fixation | NA | 01.2001–12.2005 | 2.2 |
|  |  |  |  | O | 35 | 35 | 44 (18–68) | TomoFix plate | NA | 01.2001–12.2005 | 2.2 | ||
Gaasbeek | 2010 | Netherlands | RCT | C | 25 | 16 | 9 | 25 | 48.4 ± 8 | Four-hole locked plate | 28.4 ± 2.9 | 01.2003–03.2005 | 1 |
|  |  |  |  | O | 25 | 14 | 11 | 25 | 49.8 ± 7.4 | Four-hole locked plate | 29.7 ± 4.2 | 01.2003–03.2005 | 1 |
EI-Azab | 2010 | Germany | R | C | 50 | 6 | 538 | 50 | 45.8 ± 4 | L-plate | NA | 01.2000–12.2006 | 0.7–1.25 |
|  |  |  |  | O | 50 | 50 | 44.6 ± 5 | TomoFix plate | NA | 01.2000–12.2006 | 0.7–1.25 | ||
Luites | 2009 | Netherlands | RCT | C | 19 | 27 | 15 | 19 | 53 (40–68) | TomoFix plate | < 30 | 12.2001–07.2004 | 2 |
|  |  |  |  | O | 23 | 23 | 53 (40–68) | TomoFix plate | < 30 | 12.2001–07.2004 | 2 | ||
Schaefer | 2008 | Switzerland | R | C | 29 | 18 | 40 | 29 | 47 (26–65) | Plate fixation | 26.7 (19–32.9) | 1996–2002 | 2 |
|  |  |  |  | O | 29 | 29 | 46 (26–64) | Puddu plate | 26.5 (18–32.8) | 1996–2002 | 2 | ||
Raaij | 2008 | Netherlands | P | C | 8 | NA | NA | 8 | 50 ± 8.6 | Two staples | NA | 2006 | 1 |
|  |  |  |  | O | 28 | NA | NA | 28 | 50 ± 8.1 | Puddu plate | NA | 2006 | 1 |
EI-Azab | 2008 | Germany | R | C | 50 | 79 | 31 | 60 | 45 ± 5.7 | L-plates | NA | 01.2000–12.2006 | 0.7 |
|  |  |  |  | O | 60 | 60 | 47.2 ± 3.6 | Puddu plate | NA | 01.2000–12.2006 | 0.7 | ||
Brower | 2006 | Netherlands | RCT | C | 47 | 27 | 20 | 47 | 50.8 (22–64) | Two staples | 28 (19–47) | 01.2001–04.2004 | 1 |
|  |  |  |  | O | 45 | 32 | 13 | 45 | 49.6 (21–67) | Puddu plate | 28.2 (21–40) | 01.2001–04.2004 | 1 |
Hoell | 2005 | Germany | R | C | 51 | 32 | 19 | 51 | 52.1 ± 8.4 | Coventry staples | 29 ± 4.2 | 2001 | 0.8–3 |
|  |  |  |  | O | 40 | 28 | 12 | 40 | 46.4 ± 8 | Puddu plate | 30 ± 5.2 | 2001 | 0.8–3 |
Brouwer-2 | 2005 | Netherlands | RCT | C | 24 | 12 | 12 | 24 | 47.7 ± 7.4 | Two staples | NA | 01.2001–01.2003 | 1 |
|  |  |  |  | O | 26 | 20 | 6 | 26 | 50.1 ± 8.2 | Puddu plate | NA | 01.2001–01.2003 | 1 |
Tigani | 2001 | Italy | R | C | 44 | 22 | 22 | 47 | 59.1 ± 15 | Coventry staples | NA | NA | 3.6 |
|  |  |  |  | O | 34 | 12 | 24 | 40 | 63.1 ± 7 | Plaster cast | NA | NA | 3.6 |