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Fig. 3 | Journal of Orthopaedic Surgery and Research

Fig. 3

From: In vivo dynamic motion characteristics of the lower lumbar spine: L4–5 lumbar degenerative disc diseases undergoing unilateral or bilateral pedicle screw fixation combined with TLIF

Fig. 3

Primary ranges of motion (ROM) during bend (left–right bending), twist (left–right twisting), and flexion–extension (from maximum flexion to maximum extension) a at the surgical segment (L4–5), b at the cranial adjacent segment (L3–4), c at the caudal adjacent segment (L5–S1). Number sign represents significance (p < 0.05) for unilateral pedicle screw fixation (UPSF) at primary ROM when compared with the data of bilateral pedicle screw fixation (BPSF)

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Journal of Orthopaedic Surgery and Research

ISSN: 1749-799X