Table 2 Study intervention protocol of RCTs included in the meta-analysis
Studies | Country | Intervention method | Approach | Tourniquet | Drain | TXA | Prophylactic anticoagulation | TT | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Flexion | Extension | |||||||||||
Knee | Hip | Time | Knee | Hip | ||||||||
Ong 2003 [42] | the UK | 70° | 35° | 6 h | FE | 0° | NA | Yes | Yes | NA | Enoxaparin or aspirin | 8 g/dl |
Ma 2008 [27] | Australia | 70° | 70° | 24 h | FE | 0° | MP | NA | Yes | NA | Enoxaparin 20 mg | NA |
Li 2017 [24] | China | < 30° | LE-25 | 72 h | FE | LE-25 | NA | Yes | Yes | NA | LMWH | 8 g/dl |
Liu 2015 [22] | China | 45° | 45° | 48 h | FE | NA | MP | No | No | NA | Enoxaparin 40 mg | 8 g/dl |
Zeng 2018 [26] | China | 90–60° | NA | 24 h | FE | NA | MP | Yes | Yes | Yes | LMWH | 7 g/dl |
Panni 2014 [25] | Italy | 90° | 45° | 6 h | FE | NA | MP | Yes | Yes | Yes | 4000 IU LMWH | 8 g/dl |
Yang 2015 [23] | China | 60° | 60° | 48 h | FE | NA | MP | No | Yes | Yes | LMWH | 9 g/d |
Antinolfi 2014 [28] | Italy | 90–50° | NA | 6 h | FE | NA | MIP | Yes | Yes | NA | 4000 IU LMWH | NA |
Napier 2014 I [20] | the UK | 120° | NA | 6 h | FE | NA | MP | Yes | No | No | Aspirin 150 mg | 7 g/dl |
Napier 2014 II [20] | the UK | 120° | NA | 6 h | FE | NA | MP | Yes | No | No | Aspirin 150 mg | 7 g/dl |
Li 2012 [21] | China | 30° | 30° | 72 h | FE | 30° | MV | No | No | NA | LMWH | 9 g/dl |
Zhao 2014 [36] | China | 30° | 45° | 24 h | FE | 0° | MP | Yes | Yes | NA | Rivaroxaban(10 mg/d) | 9 g/dl |
Shen 2016 [38] | China | 70° | 45° | 12 h | FE | 0° | NA | NA | Yes | NA | NA | NA |
Hu 2013 [35] | China | 70° | 45° | 12 h | FE | 0° | NA | Yes | Yes | NA | Rivaroxaban(10 mg/d) | NA |
Li 2016 [39] | China | 45° | 45° | 48 h | FE | NA | MP | Yes | Yes | NA | Enoxaparin 0.4 ml | 7 g/dl |
Guo 2013 [37] | China | 70° | 30° | 6 h | FE | 0° | MP | Yes | Yes | NA | Rivaroxaban(10 mg/d) | 8 g/dl |
Peng 2016 I [34] | China | 30° | 30° | 72 h | FE | 30° | MP | Yes | Yes | NA | Rivaroxaban(10 mg/d) | NA |
Peng 2016 II [34] | China | 60° | 30° | 72 h | FE | 30° | MP | Yes | Yes | NA | Rivaroxaban(10 mg/d) | NA |