From: Biomechanical comparison of percutaneous posterior endoscopic cervical discectomy and anterior cervical decompression and fusion on the treatment of cervical spondylotic radiculopathy
Material
Elasticity modulus (MPa)
Poisson’s ratio
Bone tissue
Cortical bone
18,000
0.3
Cancellous bone
200
0.2
Ligament
Nonlinear spring
Implant
Titanium plate
114,000
Cage
4100
0.4