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Table 3 The relationship between s-PINP and fracture risk

From: Reference markers of bone turnover for prediction of fracture: a meta-analysis

Study

Fracture outcome

Type of unit

Unadjusted HR or OR (95% CI)

Adjusted HR or OR

Covariates

Garnero [14]

All

Highest quartile vs. three lower quartiles

 

1.3 (0.7–2.4)

Age, presence of prevalent fractures, and physical activity

Meier [19]

All

Highest vs lowest quartiles

1.4 (0.8–1.6)

  

All

Per SD

1.1 (0.9–1.4)

  

Bauer [21]

Hip

Highest quartile vs. three lower quartiles

 

2.13 (1.23–3.68)

Age and clinic

Nonvertebral

Highest quartile vs. three lower quartiles

 

1.57 (1.21–2.05)

Hip

Highest quartile vs. three lower quartiles

 

1.16 (0.57–2.36)

Age, BMI, race, diabetes, grip strength, clinic, and baseline total hip BMD

Nonvertebral

Highest quartile vs. three lower quartiles

 

1.31 (0.98–1.74)

Shigdel [10]

Hip, wrist humeral

Per SD

 

1.31 (1.05–1.63)

Age, height, weight, and femoral neck areal bone mineral density

Dai [6]

Hip

Highest vs lowest quartiles

 

6.63 (2.02–21.81)

Age, sex, dialect group, date of study enrollment, and date of biospecimen collection, BMI, level of education, smoking status, physical activity, soy isoflavones, β-carotene, diabetes mellitus

Per SD

 

1.62 (1.10–2.37)

Crandall [8]

Hip

Highest vs lowest quartiles

1.09 (0.73, 1.63)

1.24 (0.65, 2.35)

Body mass index, years of education, whether living with a partner, parity, smoking, fall history in past year, history of previous fracture, family history of hip fracture, past use of menopausal hormone therapy, and vitamin D intake