From: Reference markers of bone turnover for prediction of fracture: a meta-analysis
Study | Fracture outcome | Type of unit | Unadjusted HR or OR (95% CI) | Adjusted HR or OR | Covariates |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Garnero [14] | All | Highest quartile vs. three lower quartiles | 1.3 (0.7–2.4) | Age, presence of prevalent fractures, and physical activity | |
Meier [19] | All | Highest vs lowest quartiles | 1.4 (0.8–1.6) | ||
All | Per SD | 1.1 (0.9–1.4) | |||
Bauer [21] | Hip | Highest quartile vs. three lower quartiles | 2.13 (1.23–3.68) | Age and clinic | |
Nonvertebral | Highest quartile vs. three lower quartiles | 1.57 (1.21–2.05) | |||
Hip | Highest quartile vs. three lower quartiles | 1.16 (0.57–2.36) | Age, BMI, race, diabetes, grip strength, clinic, and baseline total hip BMD | ||
Nonvertebral | Highest quartile vs. three lower quartiles | 1.31 (0.98–1.74) | |||
Shigdel [10] | Hip, wrist humeral | Per SD | 1.31 (1.05–1.63) | Age, height, weight, and femoral neck areal bone mineral density | |
Dai [6] | Hip | Highest vs lowest quartiles | 6.63 (2.02–21.81) | Age, sex, dialect group, date of study enrollment, and date of biospecimen collection, BMI, level of education, smoking status, physical activity, soy isoflavones, β-carotene, diabetes mellitus | |
Per SD | 1.62 (1.10–2.37) | ||||
Crandall [8] | Hip | Highest vs lowest quartiles | 1.09 (0.73, 1.63) | 1.24 (0.65, 2.35) | Body mass index, years of education, whether living with a partner, parity, smoking, fall history in past year, history of previous fracture, family history of hip fracture, past use of menopausal hormone therapy, and vitamin D intake |