Table 3 Number of studies examining each risk factor and the proportion of positive, negative, and insignificant associations found
Risk factors | Studies reporting on a risk factor for cardiac complication after THA or TKA | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|
|  | N | p ≤ 0.05 | p > 0.05 | |
|  |  | + | − | ~ |
Age | 6 | 4 | − | 2 |
Male | 6 | 2 | − | 4 |
Female | 6 | – | 1 | 4 |
TKA | 4 | 1 | − | 2 |
THA | 4 | 2 | − | 2 |
Unilateral | − | – | − | − |
Bilateral | 1 | 1 | − | − |
History of cardiac disease | 5 | 4 | − | 1 |
CHF | 4 | 2 | − | 2 |
Valvular disease | 1 | 1 | − | − |
PVD | 3 | 1 | − | 2 |
CAD | 3 | 2 | − | 1 |
Hypertension | 4 | 2 | 1 | 1 |
Chronic pulmonary disease | 4 | – | 1 | 3 |
Diabetes | 4 | 2 | − | 2 |
Renal failure | 4 | 1 | − | 3 |
Obesity | 8 | 1 | − | 7 |
Malnutrition | 1 | 1 | − | − |
Anaemia | 3 | 1 | − | 2 |
Alcohol abuse | 1 | − | 1 | − |
CVD | 4 | 2 | − | 2 |
Smoking history | 1 | 1 | − | − |
ASA score > 2 | 2 | 1 | − | 1 |