|
Risk factors
|
Studies reporting on a risk factor for cardiac complication after THA or TKA
|
|---|
| |
N
|
p ≤ 0.05
|
p > 0.05
|
|---|
| | |
+
|
−
|
~
|
|
Age
|
6
|
4
|
−
|
2
|
|
Male
|
6
|
2
|
−
|
4
|
|
Female
|
6
|
–
|
1
|
4
|
|
TKA
|
4
|
1
|
−
|
2
|
|
THA
|
4
|
2
|
−
|
2
|
|
Unilateral
|
−
|
–
|
−
|
−
|
|
Bilateral
|
1
|
1
|
−
|
−
|
|
History of cardiac disease
|
5
|
4
|
−
|
1
|
|
CHF
|
4
|
2
|
−
|
2
|
|
Valvular disease
|
1
|
1
|
−
|
−
|
|
PVD
|
3
|
1
|
−
|
2
|
|
CAD
|
3
|
2
|
−
|
1
|
|
Hypertension
|
4
|
2
|
1
|
1
|
|
Chronic pulmonary disease
|
4
|
–
|
1
|
3
|
|
Diabetes
|
4
|
2
|
−
|
2
|
|
Renal failure
|
4
|
1
|
−
|
3
|
|
Obesity
|
8
|
1
|
−
|
7
|
|
Malnutrition
|
1
|
1
|
−
|
−
|
|
Anaemia
|
3
|
1
|
−
|
2
|
|
Alcohol abuse
|
1
|
−
|
1
|
−
|
|
CVD
|
4
|
2
|
−
|
2
|
|
Smoking history
|
1
|
1
|
−
|
−
|
|
ASA score > 2
|
2
|
1
|
−
|
1
|
- The number of studies examining each risk factor and their association with cardiac complication in THA and TKA, and the number which showed a significant (p ≤ 0.05) positive and negative association. Studies, which studied a given risk factor but did not show any significant association (p > 0.05), are also identified. CHF congestive heart failure, PVD peripheral vascular disease, CAD coronary artery disease, CVD cerebrovascular disease, ASA American Society of Anaesthesiologists. N number of studies examining this risk factor; + studies showing a positive and significant association; − studies showing a negative, significant association; ~ insignificant result
