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Table 3 Secondary outcome measures, Western Ontario McMaster Osteoarthritis Questionnaire (WOMAC), and range of motion (ROM) and muscle strength measurements

From: Effect of low-intensity long-duration ultrasound on the symptomatic relief of knee osteoarthritis: a randomized, placebo-controlled double-blind study

Secondary outcome measurements

Variable

Baseline

Endpoint

Endpoint group difference

Active

Placebo

p

Active

Placebo

Mean 95% CI

p

WOMAC Assessment

n

55

35

 

51

31

  

 WOMAC pain

292 ± 89.1

276.5 ± 77.9

0.40

185 ± 103.2

215.7 ± 81.5

− 30.4

0.150

− 72.4 to 11.6

 WOMAC pain mean change from baseline 95%CI

− 107.3 ± 97.5

− 60.8 ± 80.95

− 46.5

− 85.6 to − 7.4

0.020

− 147.6 to − 66.8

− 100.3 to − 21.2

p < 0.0001

p = 0.003

 WOMAC stiffness

125 ± 35.8

123.5 ± 42.7

0.85

80.2 ± 41.1

106.4 ± 31.1

− 26.2

− 43.1 to 9.3

0.003

 WOMAC stiffness mean change from baseline 95%CI

− 45 ± 39.0

− 17.1 ± 38.5

− 27.9

− 45.1 to − 10.7

0.002

− 61.1 to − 28.9

− 36.0 to 1.9

p < 0.0001

p = 0.080

 WOMAC function

975 ± 272.2

974 ± 218.3

0.99

622.9 ± 336.7

754.8 ± 241.4

− 131.9

− 263.2 to 0.7

0.049

 WOMAC function mean change from baseline 95%CI

− 352.3 ± 309.6

− 220.1 ± 233.6

− 132.2

− 250.5 to − 13.9

0.029

− 480.7 to − 224

− 334.3 to − 105.9

p < 0.0001

p = 0.0002

 WOMAC total

1393 ± 377

1375 ± 299.4

0.81

888.4 ± 471

1063.7 ± 351.7

− 175.3

− 362.1 to 11.5

0.066

 WOMAC total mean change from baseline 95%CI

− 504.6 ± 431.5

− 311.2 ± 331.33

−193.4

− 359.6 to − 27.2

0.023

− 683.4 to − 325.7

− 473.4 to − 148.9

p < 0.0001

p = 0.0002

ROM and strength assessments

n

9

8

 

9

8

  

 ROM flexion (°)

41.5 ± 35.0

36.8 ± 28.5

0.76

35.1 ± 27.9

34.6 ± 25.1

0.570

− 27.1 to 28.2

0.97

 ROM flexion mean change from baseline 95% CI

− 6.38 ± 33.6

− 2.22 ± 38.2

− 4.16

− 6.38 to − 2.22

0.79

− 40.5 to 27.8

− 29.1 to 24.6

p = 0.69

p = 0.86

 ROM extension (°)

39.5 ± 35.9

37.1 ± 29.5

0.88

21.8 ± 28.0

31.6 ± 25.7

−9.81

−37.8 to 18.2

0.46

 ROM extension mean change from baseline 95% CI

− 17.75 ± 34.1

− 5.56 ± 29.34

− 12.19

− 46.0 to 21.7

0.45

− 52.5 to 17.0

− 33.2 to 22.1

p = 0.29

p = 0.68

 Strength flexion (N)

8.05 ± 3.64

10.4 ± 6.31

0.37

9.39 ± 2.92

11.4 ± 2.84

− 2.03

− 5.03 to 0.960

0.17

 Strength flexion mean change from baseline 95% CI

1.34 ± 3.50

1.01 ± 5.19

0.33

− 5.26 to 5.92

0.90

− 2.22 to 4.89

− 4.06 to 6.08

p = 0.43

p = 0.67

 Strength rotation (N)

6.06 ± 2.22

9.91 ± 5.52

0.086

9.28 ± 3.10

10.6 ± 3.09

− 1.31

− 4.52 to 1.90

0.40

 Strength rotation mean change from baseline 95% CI

3.21 ± 2.86

0.68 ± 4.74

2.53

− 2.20 to 7.25

0.25

0.294 to 6.06

− 3.89 to 5.25

p = 0.03

p = 0.75

 Strength extension (N)

7.79 ± 4.36

9.4 ± 5.29

0.51

9.70 ± 4.83

11.0 ± 2.81

− 1.30

− 5.59 to 2.99

0.50

 Strength extension mean change from baseline 95% CI

1.91 ± 4.88

1.60 ± 4.49

0.31

− 4.78 to 5.40

0.90

− 3.03 to 6.85

− 2.74 to 5.94

p = 0.42

p = 0.43

  1. p < 0.05 shown in italics