Fig. 4
a, b, c Results of bone histomorphometry. a Callus volume (CV). b Callus area(CA). c Cartilage tissue area (Ca.A). Bone histomorphometry revealed callus volume (CV); C 10.65 ± 2.47 mm2, T(1) 8.01 ± 1.46 mm2, and ZA group 12.79 ± 1.28 mm2, but was significantly higher at 16.66 ± 2.35 mm2 in the T(1)+ZA group and 17.75 ± 2.85 mm2 in the T(10)+ZA group (P < 0.01). Similarly, CA was 54.63% ± 5.31% in the C group, 44.11% ± 4.13% in the T(1) group, 62.84 ± 5.89% in the ZA group, and 62.57% ± 2.75% in the T(1)+ZA group, but was significantly higher at 78.78% ± 0.85% in the T(10)+ZA group (P < 0.001). However, Ca.A was 0.74 ± 0.51 mm2 in the C group, 0.06 ± 0.11 mm2 in the T(1) group, 0.01 ± 0.02 mm2 in the T(1)+ZA group, but it could not be confirmed in the ZA and T(10)+ZA group (P < 0.05)