From: The effects of hyperlipidemia on rotator cuff diseases: a systematic review
Author | Dyslipidemia | Cholesterol-lowering medications | Primary findings | Association |
---|---|---|---|---|
Abboud and Kim [21] | TC, TG, LDL-C, and HDL-C were measured, but the definition was not specified | Participants with cholesterol lowering medications were included but not analyzed | TC, TG, and LDL-C concentrations of the patients with rotator cuff tendon tears were significantly higher than the control group. The high-density lipoprotein cholesterol showed a trend to being lower than the control group. | Yes |
Longo et al. [12] | TC > 6.2 mmol/L, LDL-C > 5.2 mmol/L, TG > 4.5 mmol/L | Participants with statins use were excluded | There was no statistically significant difference in serum TG and TC concentration. | No |
Abate et al. [19] | TC, TG, and HDL-C were measured, but the definition was not specified | Not specified | High TG and low HDL-C were associated with an increased risk of asymptomatic rotator cuff tears. This was not statistically significant with TC. | Yes |
Oliva et al. [22] | Hypercholesterolemia, but the definition and kinds of lipids were not specified | Records of cholesterol-lowering medications were retrieved but not analyzed | High proportions of patients with non-traumatic rotator cuff tears had hypercholesterolemia. High portions of patients with hypercholesterolemia took cholesterol-lowering medications. | Yes |
Djerbi et al. [23] | TG > 1.50 g/L, LDL-C > 1.60 g/L, HDL-C > 0.40 g/L or if the patient was currently taking cholesterol-lowering drugs | Participants with cholesterol lowering medications were included but not analyzed | Patients with dyslipidemia had significantly higher odds ratio of rotator cuff tears. | Yes |
Lin et al. [8] | Hyperlipidemia, but the definition and kinds of lipids were not specified | Records of statin prescriptions were retrieved and analyzed | Hyperlipidemia was an independent risk factor for rotator cuff disease development. An increased risk also existed in patients with hyperlipidemia with/without statin use. Statin use was associated with a lower risk of developing rotator cuff diseases when compared with no statin use. | Yes |
Davis et al. [25] | TC, TG, HDL-C, and non-HDL-C were measured, but the definition was not specified | Patients with prescription medication for hypercholesterolemia were excluded | There were no significant differences in any lipid values between patients with rotator cuff and those without a tear | No |
Kim et al. [24] | TC ≥ 240 mg/dL; HDL-C < 40 mg/dL in men or 50 mg/dL in women and LDL-C > 160 mg/dL; TG > 200 mg/dL. | Participants with lipid-lowering medications were excluded | Rotator cuff tears were more frequent in the hyperlipidemia group although statistical analysis showed no significant difference. Patients with hyperlipidemia had significantly less improvement in pain level. | Yes |
Abate et al. [28] | Diagnosed on the basis of history, drugs assumption and recent (< 3 months) blood evaluations. The kinds of lipids were not defined | Records of statin prescriptions were recorded and analyzed | There was no association of bilateral rotator cuff tears with hypercholesterolemia and statin therapy | No |
Applegate et al. [30] | TC ≥ 200 mg/dL | Not specified | Hypercholesterolemia was statistically associated with glenohumeral joint pain, but not rotator cuff tendinopathy. | No |
Lai et al. [29] | TC ≥ 200 mg/dL, TG ≥ 150 mg/dL, LDL-C ≥ 130 mg/dL, HDL-C < 40 mg/dL | Not specified | Dyslipidemia might decrease the improvement of patient-reported outcomes in patients undergoing treatment for rotator cuff tears. High triglycerides and low HDL might have the most impact. | Yes |
Juge et al. [20] | Known status and/or use of lipid-lowering agents, and/or abnormal available dosage of triglycerides or cholesterol levels | Patients with use of lipid-lowering agents was included but not analyzed | There were no significant difference in the rate of dyslipidemia between rotator cuff-related osteoarthritis and primary shoulder osteoarthritis | No |
Kim et al. [27] | TC > 240 mg/dL | Not specified | BMI, dyslipidemia, and fatty infiltration of the infraspinatus were considered significant risk factors for retear. | Yes |
Garcia et al. [26] | Cholesterol levels were not used. Defined by the primary care physician who was currently treating each patient | All patients with hyperlipidemia took a statin medication. Prescriptions for statins were identified and analyzed | HL patients had a significantly higher risk of retear after arthroscopic rotator cuff repair. Type and dosage of statin medication did not significantly affect the incidence of retear. | Yes |
Cancienne et al. [17] | TC≥ 240 mg/dL, TG ≥ 200 mg/dL, LDL-C ≥ 160 mg/dL | Prescriptions for statins were identified and analyzed | There was significant association between moderate and high perioperative total cholesterol and LDL levels and the rate of revision rotator cuff surgery. Use of statin lipid-lowering agents decreased the need for revision rotator cuff surgery. | Yes |
Yamamoto et al. [31] | Hypercholesterolemia, but the definition and kinds of lipids were not specified | Not specified | Hypercholesterolemia was not significantly correlated with tear progression | No |