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Table 2 Dyslipidemia, cholesterol-lowering medications and main findings

From: The effects of hyperlipidemia on rotator cuff diseases: a systematic review

Author

Dyslipidemia

Cholesterol-lowering medications

Primary findings

Association

Abboud and Kim [21]

TC, TG, LDL-C, and HDL-C were measured, but the definition was not specified

Participants with cholesterol lowering medications were included but not analyzed

TC, TG, and LDL-C concentrations of the patients with rotator cuff tendon tears were significantly higher than the control group. The high-density lipoprotein cholesterol showed a trend to being lower than the control group.

Yes

Longo et al. [12]

TC > 6.2 mmol/L, LDL-C > 5.2 mmol/L, TG > 4.5 mmol/L

Participants with statins use were excluded

There was no statistically significant difference in serum TG and TC concentration.

No

Abate et al. [19]

TC, TG, and HDL-C were measured, but the definition was not specified

Not specified

High TG and low HDL-C were associated with an increased risk of asymptomatic rotator cuff tears. This was not statistically significant with TC.

Yes

Oliva et al. [22]

Hypercholesterolemia, but the definition and kinds of lipids were not specified

Records of cholesterol-lowering medications were retrieved but not analyzed

High proportions of patients with non-traumatic rotator cuff tears had hypercholesterolemia. High portions of patients with hypercholesterolemia took cholesterol-lowering medications.

Yes

Djerbi et al. [23]

TG > 1.50 g/L, LDL-C > 1.60 g/L, HDL-C > 0.40 g/L or if the patient was currently taking cholesterol-lowering drugs

Participants with cholesterol lowering medications were included but not analyzed

Patients with dyslipidemia had significantly higher odds ratio of rotator cuff tears.

Yes

Lin et al. [8]

Hyperlipidemia, but the definition and kinds of lipids were not specified

Records of statin prescriptions were retrieved and analyzed

Hyperlipidemia was an independent risk factor for rotator cuff disease development. An increased risk also existed in patients with hyperlipidemia with/without statin use. Statin use was associated with a lower risk of developing rotator cuff diseases when compared with no statin use.

Yes

Davis et al. [25]

TC, TG, HDL-C, and non-HDL-C were measured, but the definition was not specified

Patients with prescription medication for hypercholesterolemia were excluded

There were no significant differences in any lipid values between patients with rotator cuff and those without a tear

No

Kim et al. [24]

TC ≥ 240 mg/dL; HDL-C < 40 mg/dL in men or 50 mg/dL in women and LDL-C > 160 mg/dL; TG > 200 mg/dL.

Participants with lipid-lowering medications were excluded

Rotator cuff tears were more frequent in the hyperlipidemia group although statistical analysis showed no significant difference. Patients with hyperlipidemia had significantly less improvement in pain level.

Yes

Abate et al. [28]

Diagnosed on the basis of history, drugs assumption and recent (< 3 months) blood evaluations. The kinds of lipids were not defined

Records of statin prescriptions were recorded and analyzed

There was no association of bilateral rotator cuff tears with hypercholesterolemia and statin therapy

No

Applegate et al. [30]

TC ≥ 200 mg/dL

Not specified

Hypercholesterolemia was statistically associated with glenohumeral joint pain, but not rotator cuff tendinopathy.

No

Lai et al. [29]

TC ≥ 200 mg/dL, TG ≥ 150 mg/dL, LDL-C ≥ 130 mg/dL, HDL-C < 40 mg/dL

Not specified

Dyslipidemia might decrease the improvement of patient-reported outcomes in patients undergoing treatment for rotator cuff tears. High triglycerides and low HDL might have the most impact.

Yes

Juge et al. [20]

Known status and/or use of lipid-lowering agents, and/or abnormal available dosage of triglycerides or cholesterol levels

Patients with use of lipid-lowering agents was included but not analyzed

There were no significant difference in the rate of dyslipidemia between rotator cuff-related osteoarthritis and primary shoulder osteoarthritis

No

Kim et al. [27]

TC > 240 mg/dL

Not specified

BMI, dyslipidemia, and fatty infiltration of the infraspinatus were considered significant risk factors for retear.

Yes

Garcia et al. [26]

Cholesterol levels were not used. Defined by the primary care physician who was currently treating each patient

All patients with hyperlipidemia took a statin medication. Prescriptions for statins were identified and analyzed

HL patients had a significantly higher risk of retear after arthroscopic rotator cuff repair. Type and dosage of statin medication did not significantly affect the incidence of retear.

Yes

Cancienne et al. [17]

TC≥ 240 mg/dL, TG ≥ 200 mg/dL, LDL-C ≥ 160 mg/dL

Prescriptions for statins were identified and analyzed

There was significant association between moderate and high perioperative total cholesterol and LDL levels and the rate of revision rotator cuff surgery. Use of statin lipid-lowering agents decreased the need for revision rotator cuff surgery.

Yes

Yamamoto et al. [31]

Hypercholesterolemia, but the definition and kinds of lipids were not specified

Not specified

Hypercholesterolemia was not significantly correlated with tear progression

No

  1. TC total cholesterol, LDL-C low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, HDL-C high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, TG triglyceride