Table 3 Construct stiffness data in internal rotation and external rotation loading direction for different K-wire configurations or external fixator

Internal rotation loading

Magnitudes (Nmm/degree)

ANOVA (P)

Mean ± SD^†

(I)

(II)

(III)

(IV)

(V)

Two crossed K-wires (I)

101 ± 16

0.000

–

0.024

0.769

0.039

0.021

Two lateral K-wires (II)

84 ± 15

–

–

0.032

0.000

0.000

Three lateral K-wires(III)

99 ± 14

–

–

–

0.022

0.008

Three crossed K-wires (IV)

117 ± 18

–

–

–

–

0.795

External fixator (V)

119 ± 16

–

–

–

–

–

External rotation loading

Magnitudes (Nmm/degree)

ANOVA (P)

Mean ± SD^†

(I)

(II)

(III)

(IV)

(V)

Two crossed K-wires (I)

108 ± 15

0.000

–

0.032

0.451

0.077

0.134

Two lateral K-wires (II)

93 ± 14

–

–

0.005

0.000

0.000

Three lateral K-wires (III)

102 ± 14

–

–

–

0.249

0.432

Three crossed K-wires (IV)

121 ± 16

–

–

–

–

0.900

External fixator (V)

120 ± 19

–

–

–

–

–