Table 1 Details of physical therapy and HAL training protocol
From: Training with Hybrid Assistive Limb for walking function after total knee arthroplasty
HAL group | Control group | P value | |
|---|---|---|---|
HAL training | Single leg version HAL (size M) | None | |
1 week to 5 weeks after TKA (4 weeks) | |||
Number of sessions: 11.6 ± 0.8 | |||
Average duration of session: 14.4 ± 5.9 min | |||
●Knee ROM exercises (less than 20 min) | |||
●Gait training (less than 20 min) | |||
Conventional PT | 1 day after TKA to hospital discharge | ||
5 or more days a week | |||
60 to 80 min a day (during the HAL intervention period) | 60 to 120 min a day (during the HAL intervention period) | ||
●CPM: from 3 days after TKA | |||
●FWB: from 1 week after TKA | |||
●Gait training (flat ground, outdoor, irregular terrain) | |||
●Stair climbing training | |||
●Joint ROM training | |||
●Muscle strengthening | |||
●Balancing training (sitting and standing positions) | |||
●ADL training (toilet, bathing, bedside tasks, etc.) | |||
●Bicycle ergometer training | |||
●Various physical exercises for returning to work | |||
●Self-exercise education | |||
Total PT time including HAL training during HAL intervention period | 26.5 ± 4.2 (h) | 28.2 ± 5.2 (h) | 0.434 |