Table 2 Effect sizes of symptomatic outcomes
Outcomes | Interventions | No. of studies | Test of association | Test of heterogeneity | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
SMD | 95% CI | P value | Model | I2 (%) | P value | |||
Pain | G vs. PBO | 14 | − 0.105 | (− 0.254, 0.045) | 0.170 | Random | 72.50 | 0.000 |
C vs. PBO | 12 | − 0.216 | (− 0.360, − 0.071) | 0.003 | Random | 70.80 | 0.000 | |
G + C vs. PBO | 4 | 0.792 | (− 0.296, 1.880) | 0.153 | Random | 98.50 | 0.000 | |
Overall | 30 | − 0.071 | (− 0.228, 0.085) | 0.369 | Random | 90.10 | 0.000 | |
Function | G vs. PBO | 11 | − 0.126 | (− 0.264, 0.012) | 0.073 | Random | 64.10 | 0.002 |
C vs. PBO | 10 | − 0.220 | (− 0.358, − 0.081) | 0.002 | Random | 68.30 | 0.001 | |
G + C vs. PBO | 4 | 0.556 | (− 0.368, 1.480) | 0.238 | Random | 98.00 | 0.000 | |
Overall | 25 | − 0.090 | (− 0.242, 0.061) | 0.242 | Random | 89.00 | 0.000 | |
Stiffness | G vs. PBO | 8 | − 0.305 | (− 0.609, − 0.002) | 0.048 | Random | 89.00 | 0.000 |
C vs. PBO | 3 | 0.026 | (− 0.073, 0.126) | 0.604 | Fixed | 31.70 | 0.232 | |
G + C vs. PBO | 2 | − 0.070 | (− 0.214, 0.074) | 0.340 | Fixed | 0.00 | 0.582 | |
Overall | 13 | − 0.142 | (− 0.301, 0.017) | 0.081 | Random | 82.90 | 0.000 | |