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Fig. 3 | Journal of Orthopaedic Surgery and Research

Fig. 3

From: The anteroposterior axis of the tibia is adjusted to approximately a right angle to the anterior pelvic plane in the standing position in patients with hip dysplasia similar to normal subjects: a cross-sectional study

Fig. 3

Measurement of the APP-FNA, APP-PCA, and APP-CEA. APP-FNA (white circle), APP-CEA (white square), and APP-PCA (white star) were defined as the angles connecting the FNA (a), PCA (b), and CEA (c), respectively, to the transverse axis APP (f). APP: anterior pelvic plane, CEA: clinical epicondylar axis, FNA: femoral neck anteversion, PCA: positive external rotation

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