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Table 2 Results of 20 spinal models with 200 lumbar pedicles instrumented

From: Use of a life-size three-dimensional-printed spine model for pedicle screw instrumentation training

 

No. pedicles instrumented

No. violations

% violation

Avg. violation (mm)

Range of violation (mm)

No. critical violation

% critical violation

L1

40

13

32.5

1.85

1.3–2.5

5

12.5

L2

40

10

25

1.87

1.2–3.1

4

10

L3

40

9

22.5

1.74

1.2–3.3

2

5

L4

40

5

12.5

1.44

1.3–1.8

0

0

L5

40

0

0

0

0

0

0