Fig. 2

Forest plot of the difference in pain severity between hematoma block and intravenous sedation (A) during reduction procedure in adult patients, (B) after reduction procedure in adult patients, and (C) in pediatric patients. (A) shows that pain did not significantly differ during reduction procedure between HB and IVS in adult patients (Hedges’ g 0.356, 95% CI − 1.101 to 1.812, p = 0.632); (B) the treatment effect on pain severity was significantly better in adult patients who received HB compared to those who received PSA (Hedges’ g − 0.600, 95% CI − 1.170 to − 0.029, p = 0.039); and (C) the treatment effect on pain severity was significantly better by HB than that by PSA in pediatric patients (Hedges’ g − 0.402, 95% CI − 0.718 to − 0.085, p = 0.013)