Table 2 Comparison between cases without TSS and those with TSS

Case, no

363

202

Sex, female/male, no

190/173

96/106

Decompression/posterior fusion, no

132/231

90/112

Age, average (range)

70.0 ± 9.8 (34–88)

72.0 ± 8.8 (32–92)

NS

YAM, average (range)

90.0 ± 16.5 (52–149)

92.5 ± 17.7 (48–137)

NS

Operative time, average (range), min

221.4 ± 101.7 (50–746)

218.8 ± 108.3 (44–749)

NS

Blood loss, average (range), mL

420.7 ± 663.8 (6–998)

372.8 ± 478.1 (6–4150)

NS

Preoperative L-JOA score, average (range), points

14.8 ± 4.4 (0–24)

14.2 ± 4.6 (− 2–24)

NS

Postoperative L-JOA score, average (range), points

23.9 ± 4.3 (8–29)

23.1 ± 4.5 (9–29)

NS

Recovery rate of L-JOA score, average (range), %

63.7 ± 28.2 (− 70.6–100)

60.3 ± 27.9 (− 57.1–100)

NS

Revisions, no

36 (9.9%)

24 (11.9%)

NS

Symptomatic cervical stenosis, no

0 (0%)

58 (28.7%)

Cervical operation, no

0 (0%)

28 (13.9%)

C-OPLL, no

0 (0%)

23 (11.3%)

HT, no

166 (45.7%)

112 (55.4%)*

0.0268

HL, no

59 (16.2%)

34 (16.8%)

NS

DM, no

73 (20.1%)

48 (23.8%)

NS

Smoking, no

96 (26.4%)

63 (31.2%)

NS

IHD, no

61 (16.8%)

35 (17.3%)

NS

HD, no

14 (3.9%)

16 (7.9%)*

0.039

Collagen disease, no

30 (8.3%)

16 (7.9%)

NS

Obesity, BMI > 25, no

133 (36.6%)

83 (41.0%)

NS

Artificial joint, TKA or THA, no

22 (6.1%)

11 (5.4%)

NS

Osteoporosis, YAM < 70%, no

45 (12.4%)

23 (11.4%)

NS