Single-bundle versus double-bundle autologous anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction: a meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials at 5-year minimum follow-up

Table 1 Characteristics of included studies

Study	Age, year Mean (SD)	Follow-up, year	n (the last follow-up)	Femoral drilling	Implant	Fixation		Outcome
Study	Age, year Mean (SD)	Follow-up, year	n (the last follow-up)	Femoral drilling	Implant	FS	TS	Outcome
Jarvela (2017) [33]	DB: 34 ± 10 SB: 30 ± 8	10	DB: 24 SB: 23	AM	HT (AU)	BIS	BIS	Lysholm score; IKDC score; IKDC grade A; pivot-shift test; KT-1000 (SSD); OA changes; revision surgery (graft failure)
Beyaz (2017) [34]	DB: 33.53 ± 5.47 SB: 31.06 ± 5.48	8	DB: 15 SB: 16	AM	HT (AU)	EB	BIS	Tegner activity scale; IKDC score; Lysholm score; OA changes; tunnel widening; Isokinetic muscle strength
Adravanti (2017) [35]	DB: 26.4 ± 8.5 SB: 28.3 ± 6.2	6	DB: 25 SB: 25	DB: TT (AMB), outside-in (PLB); SB:TT	HT (AU)	EB	BIS	Lysholm score; IKDC grade A; KT-2000 (SSD); OA changes; graft rerupture (graft failure)
Karikis (2016) [36]	DB: 33.53 ± 5.47 SB: 31.06 ± 5.48	5	DB: 46 SB: 41	AM	HT (AU)	MIS	BIS	Tegner level; Lysholm score; Single-legged hop test; KOOS Outcomes; KT-1000 (SSD); Lachman test; pivot-shift test; OA changes
Zaffagnini (2011) [37]	DB: 27 ± 9 SB: 26 ± 9.5	8	DB: 40 SB: 39	DB: medial portal; SB: AM	DB: HT (AU) SB: BPTB(AU)	IS	IS	IKDC grade A; pivot-shift test; Tegner level; KT-2000 (SSD)

SD standard deviation, DB double-bundle, SB single-bundle, AM anteromedial portal technique, TT transtibial technique, HT hamstring tendon, BPTB bone-patellar tendon-bone, AU autologous, FS femoral side, TS tibial side, BIS bioabsorbable screw, MIS metal interference screws, IS interference screws, IKDC International Knee Documentation Committee, SSD side-to-side difference, KOOS Knee injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score, OA osteoarthritis, ROM range of motion

ISSN: 1749-799X