Table 2 The patient characteristics and preoperative, perioperative and postoperative variables by PLOS of patients underwent TKA (N = 241)
Variable | PLOS ≤ 3 | PLOS > 3 | P value |
|---|---|---|---|
N | 123 | 118 | |
Age (years) | 65.5 ± 8.3 | 66.4 ± 8.5 | 0.374 |
Gender | 0.856 | ||
Male | 23 (18.7%) | 21 (17.8%) | |
Female | 100 (81.3%) | 97 (82.2%) | |
BMI (kg/m2) | 25.5 ± 3.5 | 25.5 ± 3.7 | 0.866 |
Diagnosis | 0.027 | ||
Osteoarthritis | 120 (97.6%) | 107 (90.7%) | |
Rheumatoid arthritis | 3 (2.4%) | 11 (9.3%) | |
Comorbidities | |||
Hypertension | 79 (64.2%) | 74 (62.7%) | 0.807 |
Diabetes | 17 (13.8%) | 20 (16.9%) | 0.501 |
Heart disease | 12 (9.8%) | 11 (9.3%) | 0.909 |
Pulmonary infection | 7 (5.7%) | 22 (18.6%) | 0.002 |
ASA score | 0.003 | ||
≤ 2 | 112 (91.1%) | 91 (77.1%) | |
3/4 | 11 (8.9%) | 27 (22.9%) | |
Preoperative knee function | |||
Flexion ROM (degrees) | 105.2 ± 12.2 | 98.6 ± 17.9 | 0.001 |
Varus deformity | 72 (58.5%) | 66 (55.9%) | 0.683 |
Valgus deformity | 5 (4.1%) | 19 (16.1%) | 0.002 |
HSS score | 50.9 ± 9.6 | 48.0 ± 8.2 | 0.014 |
VAS pain score | |||
Preoperatively | 4.8 ± 0.8 | 5.1 ± 0.9 | 0.007 |
POD1 | 1.8 ± 0.7 | 1.9 ± 0.8 | 0.307 |
POD3 | 1.1 ± 0.4 | 1.3 ± 0.6 | < 0.001 |
Hb (g/L) | |||
Preoperatively | 129.4 ± 14.0 | 130.6 ± 13.5 | 0.478 |
POD1 | 117.4 ± 12.9 | 117.1 ± 12.4 | 0.879 |
POD3 | 109.4 ± 11.2 | 108.2 ± 11.9 | 0.408 |
Albumin (g/L) | |||
Preoperatively | 43.0 ± 3.1 | 42.4 ± 3.4 | 0.186 |
POD1 | 38.9 ± 2.9 | 38.6 ± 3.1 | 0.378 |
POD3 | 36.4 ± 2.6 | 36.2 ± 3.4 | 0.674 |
CRP (mg/L) | |||
Preoperatively | 3.4 ± 2.7 | 4.4 ± 5.0 | 0.070 |
POD1 | 23.6 ± 17.2 | 29.8 ± 20.6 | 0.011 |
POD3 | 41.8 ± 30.6 | 63.1 ± 44.7 | < 0.001 |
IL-6 (ng/L) | |||
Preoperatively | 5.2 ± 5.4 | 4.5 ± 3.0 | 0.219 |
POD1 | 33.1 ± 29.0 | 53.6 ± 42.1 | < 0.001 |
POD3 | 25.9 ± 22.8 | 33.5 ± 27.9 | 0.021 |
Operative time (min) | 80.1 ± 17.2 | 80.2 ± 15.2 | 0.982 |
Surgical start time | 0.001 | ||
Before 2 PM | 105 (85.4%) | 80 (67.8%) | |
After 2 PM | 18 (14.6%) | 38 (32.2%) | |
Intravenous fluid volume (ml) | 1464.5 ± 433.7 | 1533.1 ± 495.6 | 0.253 |
Total blood loss (ml) | 595.0 ± 341.0 | 685.8 ± 373.6 | 0.050 |
Utilization of catheter | 13 (10.6%) | 28 (23.7%) | 0.007 |
Utilization of drainage tube | 48 (39.0%) | 63 (53.4%) | 0.025 |
Time to ambulate (day after surgery) | 0.9 ± 0.4 | 1.2 ± 0.6 | < 0.001 |
Time to achieve 90° active knee flexion (day after surgery) | 1.5 ± 0.6 | 1.9 ± 0.8 | < 0.001 |
Wound complications | 3 (2.4%) | 27 (22.9%) | < 0.001 |
Other minor complications | 8 (6.5%) | 39 (33.1%) | < 0.001 |
Preoperative LOS (day) | 4.8 ± 1.4 | 5.6 ± 2.6 | 0.006 |