Table 3 Management options of degloving injuries
Variables | Frequency (n, %) | p | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|
Overall of degloving injuries (n = 51) | Degloving injuries with underlying fracture (n = 33) | Degloving injuries without underlying fracture (n = 18) | ||
Pre-hospital management | ||||
None | 31 (60.78) | 18 (35.29) | 13 (25.49) | 0.2470 |
Bandage | 17 (33.33) | 13 (25.49) | 4 (7.84) | 0.3515 |
Rising with water | 5 (98.04) | 3 (5.88) | 1 (1.96) | 1.0000 |
Acute phase management in the hospital | ||||
Analgesics | 50 (98.04) | 32 (62.75) | 18 (35.29) | 1.0000 |
Antibiotics | 47 (92.16) | 30 (58.82) | 17 (33.33) | 1.0000 |
Intravenous fluids | 44 (86.27) | 28 (54.90) | 16 (31.37) | 1.0000 |
Dressing | 39 (76.47) | 25 (49.02) | 14 (27.45) | 1.0000 |
Rinsing with water | 39 (76.47) | 25 (49.02) | 14 (27.45) | 1.0000 |
Bandage | 35 (68.63) | 25 (49.02) | 10 (19.61) | 0.2070 |
Tetanus prophylaxis | 29 (56.86) | 17 (33.33) | 12 (23.53) | 0.3804 |
Debridement | 29 (56.86) | 20 (39.22) | 9 (17.65) | 0.5590 |
Limb splinting | 18 (35.29) | 18 (35.29) | 0 | ˂0.0001 |
Reposition of the avulsed flap without suturing | 16 (31.37) | 12 (23.53) | 4 (7.84) | 0.3583 |
Blood transfusion | 13 (25.49) | 11 (21.57) | 2 (3.92) | 0.1033 |
Others | 16 (31.37) | 16 (31.37) | 4 (7.84) | 0.3583 |
Definitive management: local treatment | ||||
Serial dressing | 39 (76.47) | 27 (52.94) | 12 (23.53) | 0.3036 |
Primary debridement and closure of the avulsed flap | 19 (37.25) | 10 (19.61) | 9 (17.65) | 0.2279 |
External fixator | 15 (29.41) | 15 (29.41) | 0 | 0.0004 |
Serial debridement | 12 (23.53) | 11 (21.57) | 1 (1.96) | 0.0373 |
Delayed skin graft | 10 (19.61) | 9 (17.65) | 1 (1.96) | 0.0771 |
Secondary closure | 9 (17.65) | 4 (7.84) | 5 (9.80) | 0.2494 |
Excision of the avulsed flap | 6 (11.76) | 7 (13.73) | 0 | 0.0425 |
Primary amputation | 3 (5.88) | 3 (5.88) | 0 | 0.5436 |
Hematoma evacuation | 2 (3.92) | 1 (1.96) | 1 (1.96) | 1.0000 |
Defatting and primary grafting of the avulsed skin | 2 (3.92) | 0 | 2 (3.92) | 0.1200 |