Radial extracorporeal shock wave therapy is efficient and safe in the treatment of fracture nonunions of superficial bones: a retrospective case series

Kertzman, Paulo; Császár, Nikolaus B. M.; Furia, John P.; Schmitz, Christoph

doi:10.1186/s13018-017-0667-z

Journal of Orthopaedic Surgery and Research

Table 1 Overview on all studies investigating the effects of focused extracorporeal shock wave therapy (fESWT) for fracture nonunions listed in PubMed (as of March 01, 2017)

From: Radial extracorporeal shock wave therapy is efficient and safe in the treatment of fracture nonunions of superficial bones: a retrospective case series

R	Study	T	n	D	Interval [months]	SR_M6 [%]	SR_T [%]	N _S	Nf_ESWs/S	EFD [mJ/mm²]	EFD_T [mJ/mm²]	Relative EFD_T	KV
[10]	Cacchio et al. (2009)	RCT	84	EM	11.1	71	94	4	4000	0.55	8800	12.1
[11]	Furia et al. (2010)	CH	23	EH	10.4	91	91	1	3000	0.35	1050	1.4	26
[12]	Notarnicola et al. (2010)	CH	58	EM	14.8	79	79	3	4000	0.09	1080	1.5
[13]	Valchanou and Michailov (1991)	CS	79	EH	20.2		85	1	2500
[14]	Schleberger and Senge (1992)	CS	4	EH	≥ 5	75	75	1	2000				18
[15]	Heinrichs et al. (1993)	CS	53	EM			67	1	5750
[16]	Diesch & Haupt (1997)	CS	172	EH, EM		66	66	1	2500	0.33	813	1.1
[17]	Haupt (1997)	CS	100	EH			65
[18]	Haupt (1997)	CS	87	EH			67	1	2000				21
[19]	Vogel et al. (1997)	CS	52				52
[20]	Vogel et al. (1997)	CS	48	EM	12		60	1	3000	0.6	1800	2.5
[21]	Beutler et al. (1999)	CS	25	EH	9	41	41	2	2000				18
[22]	Rompe et al. (2001)	CS	43	EM	11.4		72	1	3000	0.6	1800	2.5
[23]	Schaden et al. (2001)	CS	115	EH	6		76	1	6500	0.33	2113	2.9	24
[24]	Wang et al. (2001)	CS	72	EH		61	80	1	3500	0.55	1908	2.6
[25]	Küfer et al. (2002)	CS	4	EM	≥ 6		75	3	2500	0.12	900	1.2
[26]	Schatz et al. (2002)	CS	31	EM	10.5		68	1	6000	1.5	9000	12.3
[27]	Biedermann et al. (2003)	CS	73	EH	6		56	1	2900	0.7	2030	2.8
[28]	Chooi and Penafort (2004)	CS	5	EH	26.6	40	40	1	4000				25
[29]	Schaden et al. (2004)	CS	613	EH	16.1	76	76	1	3000	0.38	1140	1.6
[30]	Bara and Synder (2007)	CS	81	EH	8	83	83	1	2250				20
[31]	Taki et al. (2007)	CS	5	EH	12	100	100	1	3000	0.35	1050	1.4	25
[32]	Endres et al. (2008)	CS	1	EM	9	100	100	4		0.4
[33]	Cacchio et al. (2009)	CS	34	EM	6	77	77	4	4000	0.4	6400	8.8
[34]	Moretti et al. (2009)	CS	204	EM		85	85	1	4000	0.66	2640	3.6
[35]	Wang et al. (2009)	CS	42	EH	15	79	79	1	6000	0.62	3720	5.1	28
[36]	Xu et al. (2009)	CS	69	EM	12.5	65	76	1	6500	0.59	3835	5.3	26
[37]	Elster et al. (2010)	CS	192	EH	16.8	72	72	1	7000	0.39	3100	4.2	27
[38]	Alvarez et al. (2011)	CS	32	EH	7	73	95	1	2000	0.37	730	1
[39]	Stojadinovic et al. (2011)	CS	349	EH		81	81	1	7000	0.5	3500	4.8	27
[40]	Vulpiani et al. (2012)	CS	143	EM	14.1		56	6	2750	0.55	8301	11.2
[41]	Czarnowska-Cubała et al. (2013)	CS	31	EH	22.6	39	39	1	3000				20.5
[42]	Alkhawashki (2015)	CS	44	EH	11.9		76	1	3000				26
[43]	Kuo et al. (2015)	CS	22	EH	10.5		64	1	6000	0.58	3480	4.8	28
[44]	Haffner et al. (2016)	CS	52	EH	15.6	89		1	4000	0.4	1600	2.2
[45]	Ikeda et al. (1999)	CS	6	^a	14		67
[46]	Ikeda (2009)	CS	8	^a			63

R reference number, T type of study, RCT randomized controlled trial, CH cohort study, CS case series, n number of patients treated with fESWT, D type of fESWT device, EH electrohydraulic fESWT device, EM electromagnetic fESWT device, interval interval between initial fracture and first nonunion treatment (fESWT or other), SR _M6 success rate after 6 months, SR _T total success rate, N _S number of fESWT sessions, N _fESWs/S number of focused extracorporeal shock waves per session, EFD energy flux density of the applied fESWs, EFD _T total energy flux density, relative EFD _T multiple of EFD_T compared to the EFD_T applied in [38], KV kilovolt. Note that for N _S, N_fESWs/S, EFD, EFD_T, and KV average values are provided in case more than one fESWT protocol was used in the corresponding study (details are provided in Additional file 1). In case no data are shown, they were either not provided in the corresponding study or could not be calculated (details are provided in Additional file 1). Note that the following studies are not listed in the table: [47] (same data as in [19]), [48] (same data as in [22]) and [49] (dataset included in [30])
^aExtracorporeal shock waves generated by means of explosions

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