Open versus minimally invasive fixation of a simulated syndesmotic injury in a cadaver model

Table 1 Computed tomography-based measurements of 14 matched-pair cadaveric ankles before dissection and after fixation of a simulated syndesmotic injury using OT versus MIT

Measure	Predissection measurements (mean ± SD), mm		P value	Postfixation difference (mean ± SD), mm				P value for OT versus MIT
Measure	Right ankles	Left ankles	P value	OT	P value	MIT	P value	P value for OT versus MIT
Tang et al. [23]
A^a	29 ± 1.1	28 ± 1.1	0.338
B^b	30 ± 1.4	30 ± 1.4	0.749
A:B^c	0.97 ± 0.03	0.95 ± 0.03	0.412
Change in A				− 0.2 ± 0.7	0.54	− 0.2 ± 0.5	0.50	0.937
Change in B				0.4 ± 1.1	0.45	0.1 ± 0.9	0.81	0.644
Change in A:B				− 0.02 ± 0.03	0.17	− 0.01 ± 0.02	0.39	0.485
Elgafy et al. [24]
AB^d	1.7 ± 0.3	1.4 ± 0.3	0.266
CD^e	3.0 ± 0.5	2.9 ± 0.5	0.871
AB – CD^f	− 1.2 ± 0.6	− 1.4 ± 0.4	0.614
Change in AB				− 0.4 ± 0.2	0.007	− 0.01 ± 0.4	0.686	0.071
Change in CD				− 0.3 ± 0.5	0.338	0.7 ± 0.6	0.044	0.025
Change in AB − CD				0.1 ± 0.6	0.709	0.6 ± 0.8	0.133	0.288
Phisitkul et al. [25]
Anteroposterior^g	2.0 ± 0.3	2.1 ± 0.4	0.634	− 0.04 ± 0.4	0.856	0.3 ± 0.7	0.434	0.434
Mediolateral^h	2.2 ± 0.5	2.2 ± 0.4	0.966	− 0.3 ± 0.4	0.132	0.2 ± 0.6	0.446	0.151

MIT minimally invasive technique, OT open technique, SD standard deviation
^a“A” represents distance from center of distal tibial metaphysis to anterior fibular cortices
^b“B” represents distance from center of distal tibial metaphysis to posterior fibular cortices
^cThe ratio of A:B reflects the relative rotation of the fibula
^d“AB” represents distance between closest point on anterior tubercle of tibia and point on fibula closest to that location
^e“CD” represents distance between point on fibula midway between medial-most and posterior-most points, and location on tibia closest to that location
^f“AB – CD” represents difference between mean anterior and posterior values
^gMedial-lateral distance from medial-most border of fibula to a line connecting anterior and posterior tubercles of the tibia
^hAnterior-posterior distance between a line perpendicular to the tubercular line at the anterior tubercle and the anterior-most point of the fibula

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