Circuit training enhances function in patients undergoing total knee arthroplasty: a retrospective cohort study

Table 3 Comparison of muscle strength between the two groups of the TKA patient

	Pre-operation			Pre-exercise			Mid-exercise			Post-exercise
(Nm/kg)	Exercise	Control	p	Exercise	Control	p	Exercise	Control	p	Exercise	Control	p
HE	40.9 ± 5.5	44.2 ± 10.3	.733	56.0 ± 5.2**	58.1 ± 5.0	.774	66.9 ± 7.2**	74.1 ± 9.4**	.543	80.4 ± 10.4^,*	84.0 ± 7.0^,*	.773
HF	14.6 ± 2.5	16.7 ± 3.5	.615	17.8 ± 2.4	23.1 ± 2.2**	.109	26.0 ± 3.0^,*	27.2 ± 3.6**	.807	26.2 ± 3.6^,*	33.3 ± 2.6^,*	.114
KE	24.4 ± 5.2	32.5 ± 7.2	.363	31.4 ± 3.3	38.2 ± 6.4	.345	44.0 ± 4.8^,*	56.2 ± 8.4^,*	.207	51.0 ± 5.9^,*	61.5 ± 6.6^,*	.236
KF	26.1 ± 3.5	23.2 ± 4.3	.608	34.2 ± 2.4**	39.1 ± 5.9**	.444	48.6 ± 4.0^,*	52.0 ± 8.3^,*	.705	49.8 ± 3.7^,*	55.3 ± 5.6^,*	.413
PF	20.0 ± 2.6	20.8 ± 4.7	.888	24.6 ± 3.0	23.6 ± 3.1	.805	34.6 ± 4.0^,*	34.0 ± 6.6	.939	32.7 ± 2.9^,*	41.7 ± 5.4^,*	.145
DF	2.5 ± 0.6	3.3 ± 1.1	.568	3.7 ± 0.7^,*^b	4.3 ± 1.5	.718	5.3 ± 0.8^,*	7.8 ± 1.8^,*	.204	6.6 ± 1.2**	7.6 ± 1.8^,*	.309

Data presented as mean ± SD
A significant difference (p < 0.05) between two groups is calculated by GEEs
HE hip extension, HF hip flexion, KE knee extension, KF knee flexion, PF plantarflexion, DF dorsiflexion
*p < .05, difference between groups; **p < .05, difference with pre-operation; ***p < .05, difference with pre-exercise

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