Circuit training enhances function in patients undergoing total knee arthroplasty: a retrospective cohort study

Table 2 Comparison of gait kinematics between two groups of the TKA patients

	Pre-operation			Pre-exercise			Mid-exercise			Post-exercise
	Exercise	Control	p	Exercise	Control	p	Exercise	Control	p	Exercise	Control	p
Stride time (sec)	1.2 ± 0.1	1.2 ± 0.1	.709	1.2 ± 0.1	1.2 ± 0.1	.716	1.1 ± 0.1	1.1 ± 0.1	.988	1.1 ± 0.1^,*	1.1 ± 0.1**	.270
Stride length (cm)	85.6 ± 5.7	82.0 ± 5.8	.663	92.0 ± 5.0	81.5 ± 4.9	.136	101.6 ± 3.4^,*	85.0 ± 5.5	.010*	100.0 ± 4.3^,*	85.1 ± 5.2	.027*
Stride velocity (cm/s)	72.6 ± 6.0	70.4 ± 6.7	.808	78.2 ± 5.9	69.8 ± 5.5	.295	90.4 ± 4.8^,*	76.1 ± 5.8	.060	91.0 ± 5.8^,*^b	80.5 ± 5.7^,*	.198
Step time (sec)	0.6 ± 0.1	0.6 ± 0.1	.633	0.6 ± 0.1	0.6 ± 0.1	.938	0.6 ± 0.1^,*	0.6 ± 0.1	.959	0.6 ± 0.1^,*	0.5 ± 0.1^,*	.383
Step length (cm)	42.6 ± 2.9	39.3 ± 3.0	.436	45.7 ± 2.6	40.5 ± 2.7	.158	50.9 ± 1.9^,*	42.6 ± 2.8	.013*	50.8 ± 2.3^,*	44.8 ± 2.9^,*	.102
Step velocity (cm/s)	69.6 ± 5.8	68.9 ± 7.0	.937	78.0 ± 5.4	71.1 ± 6.1	.400	92.2 ± 5.1^,*	77.0 ± 5.7	.046*	93.5 ± 5.8^,*	80.5 ± 6.6^,*	.136
Excursion of active knee ROM (^o)	34.9 ± 2.8	35.7 ± 2.7	.836	44.0 ± 1.9^,*	40.2 ± 1.5	.112	48.6 ± 1.2^,*	44.5 ± 1.6^,*	.045*	51.0 ± 1.4^,*	44.8 ± 2.6^,*	.037*

Data presented as mean ± SD
A significant difference (p < 0.05) between two groups is calculated by GEEs
*p < .05, difference between groups; **p < .05, difference with pre-operation; ***p < .05, difference with pre-exercise

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