Fig. 2
From: Pathogenesis and potential relative risk factors of diabetic neuropathic osteoarthropathy
The pathogenesis of DNOAP. DNOAP diabetic neuropathic osteoarthropathy, AGE advanced glycation end products, RAGE receptor for advanced glycation end products, PKC protein kinase C, PI phosphatidylinositol, NO nitric oxide. ROS reactive oxidant species, CGRP calcitonin gene-related peptide, BMD bone mineral density, oxPTM oxidative post-translational modification, IL interleukin, TNF tumor necrosis factor, FLS fibroblast-like synoviocytes, RANKL receptor activator of nuclear factor κβ ligand, OPG osteoprotegerin, MMPs matrix metalloproteinase, Dkk-1 dickkopf-1, Wnt-1 Wnt ligand-1