Fig. 3

a The valgus angle was the angulation between femoral cMA (point H: the center of femoral head; point G: DPIN) and cDAA (the line connecting DPIN to upper midpoint of the distal quarter segment of the shaft). b HKA was the angle between femoral cMA and tibial cMA (point G’: the midpoint of the medial and lateral tibial eminences; point H′: the midpoint of the talus dome). c LF was the distance between two horizontal lines (line1 and line2) covering the entire femur. d The femoral offset was the vertical distance from point H to the midline drawn in the proximal quarter of femoral shaft (line3). e FNS was the angle between the two midlines drawn in the proximal quarter of femoral shaft and the femoral neck. f mLDFA was the lateral angle between femoral cMA and the knee line, the distal femur articular surface (line4)