Table 1 Study characteristics and intervention of the trials with operation or non-operation or comparison

 Bentley [1]

IV

43/43

72

58/8

>36

NR

Conservation

23/23

>36

NR

20 Smith-Petersen nailing, 2 three Moore pins, 1 Charnley compression screw

 Cserhati [2]

IV

122/122

74.6

98/24

NR

106/16

Conservation

125/125

73.3

104/21

NR

98/27

19 two Smith-Petersen nail, 5 three cannulated screws, 95 three screws + key-hole plage, 6 others

 Ma [3]

IV

115/115

71

88/27

NR

115/0

 Jensen [4]

IV

128/128

73

101/27

22

85/43

 Buorda [5]

III

57/57

81.8

50/7

20

NR

 Taha [6]

IV

61/61

83

48/13

NR

NR

 Raaymakers [7]

III

170/170

69.8

130/40

NR

167/0

 Raaymakers [8]

III

319/319

72

NR

NR

311/0

 Verheyen [9]

IV

105/105

78

83/22

NR

105/0

 Rogmark [10]

IV

224/224

81

156/68

32

NR

Two Hansson hook pins

 Lapidus [11]

III

382/382

80.7

282/100

79.2

NR

Olmed screws

 Han [12]

IV

52/52

77.6

38/14

11.7

13/39

Multiple screws, pins, or dynamic hip screw

 Phillips [13]

IV

100/100

76.9

86/14

22.6

NR

Watson-Jones nail fixation

 Manohara [14]

IV

100/100

78

77/23

39

85/15

Screws

 Kim [15]

IV

60/60

77.5

40/18

46.8

28/30

Three cannulated screws

 Chiu [16]

IV

298/305

66

197/101

75

NR

Knowles pins

 Chen [17]

IV

37/37

83.7

22/15

>24

21/16

Cancellous screws

 Makki [18]

IV

31/31

75

22/9

>12

2/26

Dynamic hip screw

34/34

70

20/14

>12

9/25

Dynamic hip screw with anti-rotation screw

 Parker [19]

IV

346/346

80.8

295/51

>12

NR

Screw

346/346

80.8

295/51

>12

NR

Hemiarthroplasty

 Stromqvist [20]

IV

85/85

78

NR

>12

NR

Hook Pin

 Parker [21]

IV

565/565

76

435/130

>12

NR

A sliding hip

screw or three cannulated screws

 Parker [22]

IV

112/112

76

NR

24

NR

Internal fixation

 Lee [23]

IV

28/28

70.1

18/15

>12

NR

Dynamic hip screw

22/22

74.6

13/12

>12

NR

Dynamic hip screw

27/27

72.8

15/17

>12

NR

Multiple cannulated screws

 Hui [24]

IV

15/15

>80

NR

>6

NR

Over 80 years internal fixation

16/16

72

NR

>6

NR

65–79 years internal fixation

23/23

>80

NR

>6

NR

Over 80 years hemiarthroplasty

 Bjorgul [25]

IV

225/225

80

161/64

47

NR

Two cannulated screws

 Watson [26]

III

31/31

77.9

25/6

>24

NR

Dynamic hip screw

29/29

76.7

24/5

>24

NR

Three partially threaded screws

 Yih [27]

IV

46/46

72.8

24/16

33.5

NR

Dynamic hip screws

48/48

70.6

25/19

35.6

NR

Multiple cannulated screws

 Conn [28]

IV

375/375

77.1

75/296

>12

NR

Three parallel

 Sikand [29]

IV

29/29

79

21/8

>12

NR

Hemiarthroplasty

110/110

77

85/25

>12

NR

Internal fixation