Table 2 Dose and method for topical and intravenous administration of TXA
Author/s | Intervention | Methods of administration the tranexamic acid | Transfusion criteria | Thromboprophylaxis | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Topical | IV | Topical | IV | |||
Gomez-Barrenna 2014 [27] | 3 g/100 mL | 15 mg/kg. 2 doses | One dose irrigated before joint closure, and the other half was administered intra-articularly after skin closure | Fifteen to 20 min before tourniquet release and 100 mL 3 h | Hb <80 g/L | NS |
Patel JN 2014 [31] | 2 g TXA/ 100 mL NS | 10 mg/kg ∗ 1 dose | 2 min TA before tourniquet release, with drain | One dose as IO | Hb b 8.0 g/dL + symptom | LMWH |
Maniar RN 2012 [30] | 3 g TXA/100 mL NS | 10 mg/kg ∗ 1 dose 10 mg/kg ∗ 2 doses 10 mg/kg ∗ 2 doses 10 mg/kg ∗ 3 doses | 5 min TXA before tourniquet release, clamp drain 2 h then fully open | One dose as IO Two doses as IOPO Two doses as POIO Three doses at POIOPO | Hb b 8.5 g/dL Hb b 10.0 g/dL + symptom | LMWH |
Seo JG 2013 [33] | 1.5 g TXA/100 mL | 1.5 g TXA/100 mL, NS | IXA while suturing, with no clamp drain | One dose at post-operative | Hb b 8.0 g/dL Hb b 10.0 g/dL + symptoms | NS |
Sarzaeem MM 2014 [32] | 1.5 gTXA/100 mL NS 3.0 gTXA/100 mL NS | 1.5 g TXA/100 mL, NS | 1.5 g TXA: IXA injected through the drain after wound closure 3 g TXA: 5 min TXA before suturing, clamp drain 1 h then fully open | One dose at post-operative | Hb b 7.0 g/dL Hb b 10.0 g/dL + symptom | NS |
Soni A 2014 [34] | 3 g TXA/100 mL | 10 mg/kg ∗ 3 doses | 5 min TXA before tourniquet release, clamp drain 2 h then fully open | Three doses as POIOPO | Hb b 8.0 g/dl | LMWH |
Tang Lian 2014 [29] | 500 mg/5 mL | 10 mg/5 mL | Intra-articular injection after suction without drain | Intravenous 15 min before tourniquet release | Hb <90 g/L | LMWH |
Han Wenfeng 2014 [26] | 1 g/50 mL | 15 mg/kg, maximum 1.2 g | Spray the TXA before suction and clamp drain for 30 min then fully open | Induction of general anesthesia | Hb <70 g/L | LMWH |
Aguilera X 2015 [24] | 1 g/10 mL | 1 g * 2 doses | The TXA was applied by syringe spray and drain was kept closed during the first hour and removed 24 h after surgery | Patients in the control group received a slow IV infusion | Hb <80 g/L Hb <80 g/L + symptoms between 8.5 and 9 g/dL + symptoms | LMWH |
Digas G 2015 [25] | 2 g | 15 mg/kg 1 dose | Intra-articular | Before deflation of the tourniquet | Hb <85 g/L Hb <95 g/L + symptoms | 3.500 IU of tinzaparin |
Jiang Hua 2015 [28] | 2 g/100 mL | 10 mg/kg 1 dose | Intra-articular | Before closing the wound | NS | Enoxaparin and Rivaroxaban |
Hou zhenyang 2015 [36] | 500 mg/10 mL | 10 mg/kg 1 dose | Intra-articular | Before insert the prosthesis | Hb <70 g/L | Rivaroxaban |