Table 4 The association between the injury and treatment characteristics with the postoperative outcomes
Parameters | Posttraumatic ankle arthritis (yes/no), n | Range of motion, ° | Burwell-Charnely score (good/fair/poor), n | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Plantarflexion | Dorsal expansion | Eversion | Inversion | |||
Causes of injury | ||||||
Traffic accident | 11/0 | 27.45 ± 3.08 | 24.27 ± 3.29 | 24.82 ± 4.12 | 25.73 ± 3.71 | 3/8/0 |
Sprain | 2/1 | 29.33 ± 6.43 | 25.00 ± 1.00 | 22.00 ± 3.46 | 22.33 ± 2.31 | 1/2/0 |
Falling down | 9/7 | 29.50 ± 2.50 | 25.94 ± 2.11 | 27.06 ± 2.98 | 28.38 ± 3.83 | 13/3/0 |
Crashes by heavy object | 0/1 | – | – | – | – | 0/0/1 |
Falling from a height | 2/8 | 26.40 ± 4.30 | 24.40 ± 1.58 | 22.70 ± 4.47 | 23.00 ± 4.29 | 5/3/2 |
Open fracture | ||||||
II | 5/1 | 29.83 ± 2.79 | 25.83 ± 2.31 | 27.5 ± 3.62 | 27.00 ± 5.65 | 3/3/0 |
IIIA | 8/2 | 25.40 ± 3.13 | 23.30 ± 2.63 | 21.90 ± 3.73 | 22.20 ± 2.05 | 3/6/1 |
Distal tibiofibular syndesmotic injury | ||||||
No | 6/6 | 30.00 ± 2.41 | 25.75 ± 1.86 | 28.08 ± 2.54 | 28.75 ± 4.14 | 9/3/0 |
Yes | 22/7 | 27.31 ± 3.71 | 24.7 ± 2.54 | 23.79 ± 3.95 | 24.55 ± 3.90 | 13/13/3 |
Preoperative tibiofibular width, mm | ||||||
0–11 | 10/8 | 30.06 ± 2.04 | 26.33 ± 2.11 | 27.11 ± 2.91 | 27.72 ± 3.82 | 12/6/0 |
12–24 | 18/5 | 26.57 ± 3.80 | 24.09 ± 2.13 | 23.43 ± 4.18 | 24.26 ± 4.23 | 10/10/3 |
Blood loss, ml | ||||||
<100 | 11/9 | 28.63 ± 3.25 | 25.26 ± 2.20 | 26.63 ± 3.85 | 27.32 ± 3.42 | 13/4/2 |
≥100 | 17/5 | 27.63 ± 3.85 | 24.91 ± 2.56 | 23.68 ± 3.83 | 24.45 ± 4.73 | 9/12/1 |
Syndesmosis fixation | ||||||
No syndesmotic screw | 6/6 | 30.00 ± 2.41 | 25.75 ± 1.86 | 28.08 ± 2.54 | 28.75 ± 4.14 | 9/3/0 |
One syndesmotic screw | 6/4 | 30.60 ± 2.32 | 26.60 ± 2.37 | 27.00 ± 2.21 | 27.80 ± 3.19 | 7/3/0 |
Two syndesmotic screws | 15/2 | 25.58 ± 3.28 | 23.71 ± 2.08 | 22.00 ± 3.39 | 23.06 ± 3.13 | 5/10/2 |
Three syndesmotic screws | 1/1 | 25.50 ± 0.71 | 25.00 ± 2.83 | 23.00 ± 7.07 | 21.00 ± 2.83 | 1/0/1 |