Fig. 1From: Analysis of the osseointegrative force of a hyperhydrophilic and nanostructured surface refinement for TPS surfaces in a gap healing model with the Göttingen minipigOriginal CSA implant with the typical dumbbell shape configuration leading to a circular gap around the middle thinner part when inserted across a bone. The fixation in the bone is achieved by anchoring the outer parts in the cortical bone initially by the press-fit technique subsequently by osseointegrationBack to article page