Fig. 3
Morphological measurements of the proximal humerus. a NSA 1 = α + 90°; α = angle between plane 1 and HSA. b NSA 2 = angle between line 1 and line 2; line 1 was perpendicular to anatomic neck; line 2 was parallel to the long axis of the humeral shaft. c HHT 1 = perpendicular distance from point F to plane 1; TSH 1 = perpendicular distance from point H to plane 2. d HHT 2 = the longest perpendicular distance between head surface and anatomic neck; TSH 2 = perpendicular distance between two lines. e cASD 1 = distance between C and D; aASD = distance between I and J. f cASD 2 = length of anatomic neck. NSA neck shaft angle; HAS humeral shaft axis; HHT humeral head thickness; TSH tuberosity-to-articular surface height; cASD articular surface diameter in the coronal plane; aASD articular surface diameter in the axial plane