Table 4 Commonly used animal models and outcome measures for pain in osteoarthritis
From: Animal models of osteoarthritis: classification, update, and measurement of outcomes
Induction method | Species | Changes observed/outcome measures |
|---|---|---|
MIA | Rat, mouse (knee) | Thermal and mechanical analgesia, mechanical sensitivity and changes in the gait [18, 316], hyperalgesia and allodynia [317], hind limb grip force test [318] |
CAR | Rat | Mechanical allodynia, gait, limited locomotion [319] |
Rabbit | Hind limb weight distribution, mechanical hyperalgesia [18] | |
Guinea pig | Thermal hyperalgesia [18] | |
ACLT | Rat, rabbit | |
Dog | Gait analysis and altered mobility [321] | |
MNX | Mice | Mechanical allodynia, mechanical and thermal sensitivity [322] |
MMT | Rat | Hind paw weight, allodynia [323], mechanical sensitivity [324], decreased paw withdrawal [325] |
Sheep | Hind paw weight [18] |