Fig. 3From: Interleukin-23 may contribute to the pathogenesis of lumbar disc herniation through the IL-23/IL-17 pathwayGene expression of several cytokines normalized to β-actin. The results showed that the mRNA levels of IL-23, IL-17, IL-1β, and TNF-α were significantly higher in the ruptured group when compared to the non-ruptured group except IL-6, and all above cytokines are least detected in the normal control group. *p < 0.05Back to article page