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Fig. 1 | Journal of Orthopaedic Surgery and Research

Fig. 1

From: Navigated 2-level posterior lumbar fusion: a 5-cm-incision procedure

Fig. 1

a The pedicles of L4, L5, and S1 are located with fluoroscopy. b Three transversal lines (arrows) are drawn on the skin to mark the location of the pedicles of L4, L5, and S1. c A 5-cm longitudinal median incision is made. d The navigated instruments are used in the procedure. e A patient tracker is fixed to the spinal process after exposure

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