From: Construction and validation of a three-dimensional finite element model of degenerative scoliosis
Tissue and area | Element type | Modulus of elasticity (MPa)/Poisson ratio | Thickness cross-section area |
---|---|---|---|
Cortical bone | 6 node points triangular facet shell element | 12,000/0.3 | 1.2Â mm |
Cancellous bone | 10 node points tetrahedron solid element | 100/0.3 | Â |
Lamina terminalis | 10 node points tetrahedron solid element | 4000/0.4 | 0.5Â mm |
Groundmass of annulus fibrosus | 10 node points tetrahedron solid element | 4.2/0.45 | Â |
Nucleus pulposus | 10 node points tetrahedron solid element | 4/0.49 | Â |
Fiber of annulus fibrosus | 2 node points cord element | – |  |
Articular cartilage | 10 node points tetrahedron solid element | 1000/0.3 | 0.5Â mm |
Contact face of superior articular process | 6 node points triangular facet object element | Â | Â |
Contact face of inferior articular process | 6 node points triangular facet shell element | Â | Â |
Anterior longitudinal ligament | 2 node points cord element | Â | 75.9Â mm2 |
Posterior longitudinal ligament | 2 node points cord element | Â | 51.8Â mm2 |
Ligamentum flavum | 2 node points cord element | Â | 78.7Â mm2 |
Capsular ligament | 2 node points cord element | Â | 102.5Â mm2 |
Interspinous ligament | 2 node points cord element | Â | 36.3Â mm2 |
Supraspinous ligament | 2 node points cord element | Â | 75.7Â mm2 |
Intertransverse ligament | 2 node points cord element | Â | 40.5Â mm2 |