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Table 3 Rotational ROMs of the syndesmosis during stance phase in different studies

From: Three-dimensional motions of distal syndesmosis during walking

ROM

Condition

Dorsi(+)/plantarflexion (−)

Inversion(+)/eversion(−)

Internal(+)/external rotation(−)

Present study

Normal gait 3D/2D registration

2.98 ± 1.10°

5.94 ± 1.52°

5.99 ± 2.00°

Huber et al. [9]

Cadaver maximal plantar to dorsiflexion

1.18 ± 0.57°

1.18 ± 0.36°

2.78 ± 1.08°

Lundgren et al. [13]

Normal gait intracortical pins

4.78 ± 1.68°

3.38 ± 1.28°

3.58 ± 1.28°

Arndt et al. [12, 20]

Slow running intracortical pins

3.3 ± 2.4°

2.3 ± 0.9°

1.6 ± 0.3°