Table 2 Joint average positions of syndesmosis on each DOF at the seven poses of stance phase

Lateral(+)/medial(−) translation

Average joint motion

 Pose 1

0.22 ± 0.78

 Pose 2

1.34 ± 0.37

 Pose 3

1.62 ± 0.48

 Pose 4

1.41 ± 0.72

 Pose 5

1.20 ± 0.83

 Pose 6

0.45 ± 0.58

 Pose 7

−0.59 ± 0.97

Anterior(+)/posterior(−) translation

Average joint motion

 Pose 1

−0.56 ± 1.34

 Pose 2

0.76 ± 1.25

 Pose 3

1.43 ± 1.72

 Pose 4

1.56 ± 1.76

 Pose 5

1.42 ± 1.96

 Pose 6

0.12 ± 1.81

 Pose 7

−1.23 ± 1.81

Superior(+)/inferior(−) translation

Average joint motion

 Pose 1

0.65 ± 1.65

 Pose 2

−0.74 ± 1.61

 Pose 3

−0.56 ± 1.53

 Pose 4

−1.32 ± 1.83

 Pose 5

−1.31 ± 2.31

 Pose 6

−0.06 ± 1.72

 Pose 7

0.99 ± 2.17

Dorsi(+)/plantar(−)flexion

Average joint motion

 Pose 1

−0.90 ± 1.10

 Pose 2

−0.30 ± 0.61

 Pose 3

0.05 ± 0.63

 Pose 4

0.80 ± 0.76

 Pose 5

0.90 ± 0.70

 Pose 6

0.60 ± 0.86

 Pose 7

−0.24 ± 1.71

Inversion(+)/eversion(−)

Average joint motion

 Pose 1

2.75 ± 2.33

 Pose 2

0.21 ± 2.01

 Pose 3

−0.34 ± 2.21

 Pose 4

−0.86 ± 2.38

 Pose 5

−0.72 ± 3.01

 Pose 6

1.51 ± 3.24

 Pose 7

Internal(+)/external(−) rotation

Average joint motion

 Pose 1

0.17 ± 3.63

 Pose 2

−1.71 ± 3.99

 Pose 3

−3.10 ± 3.70

 Pose 4

−3.78 ± 3.68

 Pose 5

−2.71 ± 4.09

 Pose 6

−0.26 ± 3.79

 Pose 7

1.35 ± 4.05