From: Lumbosacral pedicle screw placement using a fluoroscopic pedicle axis view and a cannulated tapping device
No. of misplaced screws (%)
Level
 L1
2 (6.7)
 L2
5 (10.4)
 L3
4 (3.8)
 L4
12 (4.2)
 L5
12 (3.8)
 S1
2 (2.9)
Direction
 Superior
1
 Inferior
3
 Medial
16
 Lateral
17