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Figure 1 | Journal of Orthopaedic Surgery and Research

Figure 1

From: Incidence and clinical relevance of heterotopic ossification after internal fixation of acetabular fractures: retrospective cohort and case control study

Figure 1

Different grades of heterotopic ossification according to the Brooker classification. I: X-ray of a Brooker class I heterotopic ossification (left hip): ‘islands of bone within soft tissues around the hip’. II: X-ray of a Brooker class II heterotopic ossification (right hip): ‘bone spurs in pelvis or proximal end of femur leaving at least 1 cm between the opposing bone surfaces’. III: X-ray of a Brooker class III heterotopic ossification (left hip): ‘bone spurs that extend from the pelvis or the proximal end of femur, which reduce the space between the opposing bone surfaces to less than 1 cm’. IV: X-ray of a Brooker class IV heterotopic ossification (left hip): ‘radiographic ankylosis of the hip’.

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