Table 2 Details of co-factors and measurement of studies
Study | Purity and thickness of HA | Surgery approach | Co-factors | Follow-up (years) | Missing information | Hip implant | Outcome measurement |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Camazzola et al. [28] | NR | Hardinge approach | Routine antibiotic prophylaxis; anticoagulation with dicumarin was used preoperatively and for a total of 3 months postoperatively, full weight-bearing for 6 weeks | 13 years and 5 months (12–15 years and 3 months) | 4 patients were lost to follow-up, 8 died. 1 refuced to participate in the questionnaire or clinical follow-up | Mallory-Head porous stem (Biomet) | HHS, radiographic outcome, thigh pain, survival |
Dorr et al. [16] | 94% purity, 50–60 μm | NR | NR | 6.5 (5–7.9) | No | Anatomic porous replacement—I hip stem (Intermedics Ortho) | HHS, radiographic outcome |
Hamadouche et al. [34] | 100 ± 30 μm | Posterolateral approach and a Hardinge lateral approach | Postoperative management include administration of systemic antibiotics for 48 h, preventative anticoagulation therapy until full weight-bearing, and NSAID for 5 days to prevent heterotopic ossification, partial weight-bearing was allowed for 6 weeks followed by full weight-bearing | 9.18 (3.93–10.28) | One patient from each group died from an unrelated cause at three months and at 27 months after surgery, three patients were lost to follow-up at a mean of three years, of these, one belonged to the HA and two to the GB group | Profile (DePuy) | HHS, radiographic outcome |
Incavo et al. [32] | NR | NR | NR | 4 | no | ProWle (DePuy) | HHS, radiographic outcome |
Kim et al. [23] | 30 μm | Posterolateral approach | Stand on the second postoperative day. Partial weight-bearing with crutches as tolerated, full weight-bearing was allowed at 6 weeks after surgery | 6.6 (5–7) | No | Cementless IPS femoral component (DePuy) | HHS, functional outcome, thigh pain, radiographic outcome, survivorship, complications |
Kim et al. [24] | 30 μm | Posterolateral approach | NR | 15.6 (15–16) | 3 were lost to follow-up, 2 died | IPS femoral stem (DePuy) | HHS, WOMAC, thigh pain, Los Angeles activity score, survivorship |
Lee and Lee 2007 [33] | 98% purity, 150–250 μm | Direct lateral approach (transgluteal approach) | Hip joint motion and ambulation using a wheelchair were allowed from the first postoperative week, crutch walking with partial weight-bearing began 3 to 4 weeks after the second operation. In addition, the patients used a cane for additional 2 to 4 months until they could walk well without any support | 143 (123–168) | 4 patients died, 5 patients were lost | Spotorno (Zimmer) | Merle d’Aubigne and Postel score, radiographic outcome |
Lombardi, Jr. et al. [12] | 95% purity, 50–75 μm | NR | Routine clinical evaluation was performed under the supervision of the operative surgeons | 14.5 (10.2–16.6)/16.9 (11.4–18.5) | 27 patients in the MHP group and 5 patients in the MHP HA group were decreased from causes unrelated to the index surgery. In addition, 14 patients (14 hips, 10.8%) in the MHP group and nine patients (10 hips, 16.4%) in the MHP HA group had not returned for minimum 10-year follow-up and were lost to contact | Mallory-Head porous stem (Biomet) | HHS, radiographic findings, survival |
Mcpherson et al. [36] | 94% purity, 50–60 μm | NR | NR | 3 | No | Anatomic porous replacement—I hip stem (intermedics orthopedics) | HHS, radiographic fixation scores |
Parvizi et al. [9] | NR | NR | NR | 9.2 ± 4.8/10.1 ± 4.6 | Each one of the members of nine pairs of patients is dead | Taperloc, Biomet, Warsaw, Indiana | HHS, radiographic findings |
Paulsen et al. [38] | 95–97% purity, 50–75 μm | NR | NR | 3.2 | No | Biometric (Biomet) | Time to implant failure |
Ranawat et al. [35] | 95% purity, 50–75 μm | Posterolateral approach | Standard postoperative rehabilitation protocol | 5 (3–8) for thigh pain, 17.7 + −0.8 (16.3–20) | 53 patients were deceased, 28 patients were lost to follow-up | Ranawat-Burstein metaphyseal-diaphyseal fit femoral stem (Biomet) | HSS, functional outcome(patient assessment questionnaire), incidence of pain, radiographic outcome, stem subsidence Kaplan-Meier survivorship |
Rothman et al. [10] | 95% purity, 50–75 μm | NR | Prophylactic antibiotics were given intravenously at the time of the operation and were continued for 48 h. Ten milligrams of low-dose warfarin was given on the night of the operation, instructed to bear only 10% of the body weight on the affected limb for 6 weeks, at which time, they progressed to use of a cane | 2.2 (2–3.4) | No | Taperloc stem (Biomet) | Charnley scores, radiographic outcome |
Sanchez-Sotelo et al. [37] | NR | NR | NR | 6.7 (2.4–9.1)/9.3 (2.2–11.4) | No | Omniflex stem (Osteonics Corporation) | HHS, radiographs, survival |
Sano et al. [39] | NR | Posterior approach | Partial weight-bearing was allowed 1 week after the operation, with full weight-bearing after 3 weeks | 34/52 m | No | Biomet (Warsaw); Stryker(Fairfield Rd) | HHS, BMD, radiographic outcome |
Santori et al. [14] | 70% purity, 80–130 μm | NR | Partial weight bearing with two canes was allowed on the fifth postoperative day and progressed to one cane on day 30 | 70 m (60–84) | No | Anatomic prosthesis (Zimmer) | HHS, thigh pain, radiographic evaluation |
Søballe et al. [4] | 50–75 μm | Posterolateral approach | Prophylactic antibiotics and anti-thromboembolic drugs, mobilized on the third postoperative day and instructed to walk with protected weight-bearing for the first six postoperative weeks | 1 | 11 patients were excluded from RSA because of technical errors, 1 patient with bilateral THR died from unrelated disease | Biometric (Biomet) | HHS, the visual analog scale score, radiographs data, RSA |
Tanzer et al. [22] | 80% HA, 20% TCP, 80 μm | Posterolateral approach | All patients remained non-weight-bearing for 6 weeks, followed by progressive weight-bearing as tolerated | 2 | No | Cementless multilock stem (Zimmer) | HHS, periprosthetic BMD measurement |
Tanzer et al. [31] | 80% HA, 20% TCP, 80 μm | Posterolateral approach for 64% and 69% in groups uncoated and coated, lateral approach was used in the remainder | All patients were non-weight-bearing for 6 weeks postoperatively, followed by progressive weight-bearing as tolerated | 37 m (2–5 years) | 16 patients in the group with uncoated and 11 patients in the group with coated components withdraw or were lost to follow-up; 4 in uncoated and 3 in coated died | Cementless multilock stem (Zimmer) | HHS, WOMAC, radiographic data |
Yee et al. [30] | 95% purity, 50–70 μm | A modified lateral Hardinge approach | Routine prophylactic antibiotic(cefazolin sodium) was administered before surgery and 48 h after surgery; anticoagulation with dicumarin was given: 5 mg orally the night before surgery and daily for a duration of 3 months after surgery. Physical therapy was commenced on the first or second day after surgery. Tough weight-bearing with crutches for 6 weeks was allowed for uncomplicated cases. Progression to full weight-bearing as tolerated was allowed after 6 weeks | 4.6 (3–7) | 6 patients were lost to follow-up, 1 died of cardiac causes.1 patient declined additional participation in the study after surgery, 1 with bilateral THA was involved in a motor vehicle accident that resulted in a periprosthetic fracture of one hip | Mallory-Head porous femoral stem (Biomet) | HHS, routine radiographs, survivorship |
Yoon et al. [29] | 70% HA, 30% TCP, 70 μm | Hardinge’s lateral approach | Instruted to walk with partial weight-bearing with the aid of 2 crutches for 4 weeks after surgery | 127.4 m (96–144)/127 (108–144) | 2 patients in the coated group died of myocardial infarction and cerebral infarction, 2 patients in coated and 2 in uncoated were lost to follow-up | Multilock femoral stem (Zimmer) | HHS, radiographic evaluation, thigh pain |