From: Topping-off technique prevents aggravation of degeneration of adjacent segment fusion revealed by retrospective and finite element biomechanical analysis
PLIF
Topping-off
t
P
Flexion
1.4543 ± 0.1978
1.0928 ± 0.6694
3.462
0.013*
Extension
0.2616 ± 0.1569
0.1814 ± 0.2913
4.847
0.003*
(Left) flexion
0.8894 ± 0.6686
0.9548 ± 0.1002
1.087
0.319
(Right) rotation
1.4004 ± 0.5401
1.3447 ± 0.0084
2.037
0.088