From: Topping-off technique prevents aggravation of degeneration of adjacent segment fusion revealed by retrospective and finite element biomechanical analysis
Torque (Nm)
Flexion (Nm/°)
Extension (Nm/°)
Lateral flexion (Nm/°)
Rotation (Nm/°)
Our cohort (L1-L5)
10
1.18
2.47
1.49
3.46
Yamamoto et al. (L1-L5) [7]
1.75
3.22
2.44
5.26
Heth et al. (L2-S1) [8]
6
1.10
2.35
1.33
2.61
Zhang et al. (L3-L5) [9]
1.62
3.03
2.50
4.45
Dong et al. [10]
3.58
2.86
8.98
Journal of Orthopaedic Surgery and Research