Group | Time point | θ + (°) | θ − (°) | AO/ W | RO/ W |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Topping-off | Pre-op | 1.8 ± 0.5 | 3.2 ± 1.0 | 5.7 ± 1.3 | 2.1 ± 0.7 |
Post-op | 1.6 ± 0.5 | 1.8 ± 0.6 | 6.1 ± 1.5 | 1.2 ± 0.4 | |
PLIF | Pre-op | 2.0 ± 0.7 | 3.5 ± 1.0 | 5.4 ± 1.2 | 1.2 ± 0.3 |
Post-op | 3.7 ± 1.2 | 5.3 ± 1.4 | 8.1 ± 1.5 | 5.4 ± 0.7 |