From: Surgical skills simulation in trauma and orthopaedic training
Simulation model | Advantages | Disadvantages |
---|---|---|
Cadaveric simulation | Â | Expensive |
High fidelity | Not easily accessible with specialist storage demands | |
 | Time-consuming preparation time | |
Shown to develop transferable operative skills | Relies on tissue donation | |
 | Risk of disease transmission | |
Allows understanding of relevant clinical anatomy and surgical approaches | Lack of uniformity amongst specimens | |
Synthetic bone simulation | Relatively inexpensive, portable and widely available | Â |
Widely available | Does not allow understanding of influence of soft tissues | |
Develop understanding and familiarity with orthopaedic instruments and equipment | Lack of true haptic feedback | |
Arthroscopic simulation | Able to record progress and assess motion analysis | Â |
Allows for development of hand-eye co-ordination and triangulation | High initial setup costs | |
Wide range of procedures may be possible | Limited realism | |
Modern simulators can provide haptic feedback | Â | |
Virtual reality simulation | Able to record progress and assess motion analysis | Â |
Wide range of procedures may be possible | High initial setup costs | |
Allows for scenario simulation | Â | |
Cognitive simulation | Potentially cost free | Limited evidence to support use in clinical training/improvement in technical procedural skills |
Accessible on mobile devices | Â | |
Point of care education | Â |