Effects of the timing of tourniquet release in cemented total knee arthroplasty: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials

Table 1 Study characteristics

Study	Publication year	Group size		Total size	Lost to follow-up		Mean age (years)		BMI (kg/m²)		Drainage	Cuff pressure	Anticoagulation	The duration of tourniquet (minutes)
		Early	Late		Early	Late	Early	Late	Early	Late				Early	Late
Kvederas et al. [3]	2013	14	15	36	2	3	68.2	67.3	32.0	31.1	Y	N.A.	Heparin	37	60
Leão et al. [24]	2013	20	20	40	0	0	65.3	65.4	N.A.	N.A.	Y	350	N.A.	N.A.	N.A.
Dutton et al. [23]	2012	28	20	48	0	0	N.A.	N.A.	N.A.	N.A.	Y/N	N.A.	Enoxaparin	N.A.	N.A.
Yavarikia et al. [5]	2010	33	22	55	0	0	64	68	N.A.	NA	Y	220–275	Heparin	63	78
Steffin et al. [14]	2009	17	20	37	0	0	66.9	65.6	33.4	32.5	Y	N.A.	Enoxaparin	N.A.	N.A.
Hernandez et al. [16]	2008	21	22	43	0	0	75.9	76	N.A.	N.A.	Y	N.A.	N.A.	N.A.	N.A.
Hersekli et al. [15]	2004	36	40	76	0	0	65	68	N.A.	N.A.	Y	350–400	Coumadin	79	83
Schuh et al. [9]	2003	35	35	70	0	0	N.A.	N.A.	N.A.	N.A.	Y	N.A.	Enoxaparin	72	102
Widman et al. [8]	1999	46	39	81	0	0	N.A.	N.A.	N.A.	NA	Y	300–350	Heparin	N.A.	N.A.
Barwell et al. [2]	1997	44	44	88	0	0	N.A.	N.A.	N.A.	NA	Y	Twice^a	N.A.	N.A.	N.A.
Newman et al. [22]	1979	38	42	80	0	0	N.A.	N.A.	N.A.	NA	N.A.	N.A.	Heparin	N.A.	N.A.

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