Table 2 Perioperative parameters and postoperative functional scores in each group of bicondylar tibial plateau fractures (total N = 45)

Operation time^£ (min)

76.6 ± 14.73 (50 ~ 145)

101.4 ± 18.23 (60 ~ 160)

92.8 ± 17.96 (55 ~ 150)

Blood loss (ml)

69.3 ± 14.36 (30 ~ 180)

100.1 ± 24.63 (40 ~ 350)

82.7 ± 24.31(40 ~ 250)

Staged Tx (ESF → IF)^a,£

20% (3/15)

21.1% (4/19)

45.5% (5/11)

Hospitalization period^£ (days)

9.3 ± 4.27 (5 ~ 26)

15.6 ± 8.71 (7 ~ 51)

14.8 ± 5.52 (6 ~ 43)

Post-OP alignment (degree)

87.9 ± 6.4 (76 ~ 99)

87.0 ± 3.9 (75 ~ 93.4)

85.1 ± 7.3 (74 ~ 95)

Union rate^a

86.7% (13/15)

78.9% (15/19)

90.9% (10/11)

Functional outcome (WOMAC 0 ~ 96)

36.5 ± 5.88 (7 ~ 66)

34.1 ± 4.91 (6 ~ 61)

32.8 ± 5.02 (7 ~ 59)

Pain 0 ~ 20

5.4 ± 2.31 (0 ~ 12)

4.9 ± 2.06 (0 ~ 13)

4.5 ± 1.8 (1 ~ 11)

Stiffness 0 ~ 8

4.8 ± 1.68 (0 ~ 7)

4.3 ± 1.21 (0 ~ 6)

4.1 ± 1.83 (0 ~ 6)

Physical function 0 ~ 68

26.3 ± 5.74 (4 ~ 50)

24.9 ± 4.82 (4 ~ 49)

24.2 ± 6.44 (3 ~ 42)