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Table 1 Summary of clinical studies using Pulsed Electromagnetic Field therapy in tibial delayed unions and nonunions

From: Pulsed electromagnetic fields for the treatment of tibial delayed unions and nonunions. A prospective clinical study and review of the literature

Study

Year

Design

Number of tibia fractures

Mean treatment duration

Hours per day

Union rate

De Haas (17)

1980

Prospective, non-randomized

17

23.6 weeks

20

88.2%

Bassett (15)

1981

Prospective, non-randomized

127

5.2 months

10

87%

Sharrard (19)

1982

Prospective, non-randomized

30

6 months

12 to 16

86.7%

Barker (14)

1984

Prospective, randomized, double-blind

16

24 weeks

12 to 16

55.6%

De Haas (16)

1986

Prospective, non-randomised

56

ND

ND

84%

Sharrard (18)

1990

Prospective, randomized, double-blind

45

12 weeks

12

45%

Scott (22)

1994

Prospective, randomized, double-blind

15

26.8 weeks

ND

60%

Simonis (20)

2003

Prospective randomized, double-blind

34

6 months

ND

70.6%

Gupta (21)

2009

Prospective, non-randomized

45

8.35 weeks

ND

85%

Current study

2011

Prospective, non-randomized

44

29.5 weeks

3

77.3%

  1. ND: Not Defined.